Distribution Staking

and Line Design Course

REA Tanzania

Welcome
During my 15 years of overseas
experience I have designed and
built more than 1,000 kilometers
of distribution line in 12 countries.
That is a lot of walking

Welcome

My name is Md Maruf Hasan

I will be your instructor for this
course.

Welcome

Assisting me is Osman Hussein

&
Hussein Shamdas

Rules of the Course

Attendance is taken daily
No cell phone use - turn them of
Phones may be used during breaks
There will be quizzes/examinations
There will be field exercises

Quizzes will be graded

Points are given for correct answers
Partial correct answers are awarded
points
Incorrect answers receive negative
points (do not guess)
Quiz points for the course are
accumulative

What you will need

Wear comfortable work shoes
Bring a hat
Bring a memory stick if you want
copies of material

Pole Ground Line

Pole
Length
m

Pole
Class

Rated
Ground line
Breaking
location**
Strength*m
Nt

Medium

6,300

1.5

11

Medium

7,700

1.8

12

Medium

8,000

13

Medium

10,000

* Load at 0.6m below pole top that breaks pole at the ground line
**Distance from pole butt in meters.

Conductor Ruling Span

Ruling and Limit Spans for 33kV lines

Conductor
Code Name

Ruling Span
m

Limit spans
m

Hare
Hare
Rabbit
Rabbit
Gopher
Gopher
Shrike
Shrike
Periwinkle

90
50*
120
50*
120
50*
175
50*
50

105
71
145
71
145
71
210
71
71

* When used with underbuild LV line or in areas where LV underbuild may be

anticipated in the near future.

Slide 10/82

Conductor Uplift

Conductor

APPLICATIONS
Used as bare overhead transmission cable and as primary and secondary
distribution cable. ACSR offers optimal strength for line design. Variable steel
core stranding enables desired strength to be achieved without sacrificing
ampacity.

ACSR
(Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced)

Conductor
APPLICATIONS
Used as bare overhead conductor for primary and secondary distribution.
Designed utilizing a high-strength aluminum alloy to achieve a high strength-toweight ratio; affords better sag characteristics.
Aluminum alloy gives AAAC-6201 higher resistance to corrosion than ACSR.

AAAC
(All Aluminum Alloy Conductor)

LV Cables

Triplex

Conductor

Automatic splice

Conventional Meter

Meter

Line Material

These are galvanized washers

- Curved Square Washer
- Square Washer
- Round Washer

Line Material

Anchor Shackle

Line Material

Eyenut

Line Material

Curved Lock Nut

Line Material

Eyebolt (Oval Eyebolt)

Line Material

Machine Bolt

Line Material

Preformed Deadend

Line Material

Distribution Cutout

Line Material

Lightning/Surge Arrester

Introduction
Part I - Line Design
This course deals with Line
Design in the field through the use
of a methodology called Staking

What is Staking?
The process of staking takes the
task of line design from the office
to the field. Using tables,
illustrations and guidelines the
staking engineer is able to
construct a safe, reliable, and
economical distribution line.

Why is it called Staking?

Stakes, usually made of wood, are
used to make the location of the
structures.

Staking
The staking of a distribution line
consists of the selection of the
various physical components,
including conductors, poles, pole-top
assemblies, guys, anchors, etc. that
comprise distribution structures.

Staking
Staking though, is not simply the
placement of wooden stakes in the
ground.
Staking is the a complete engineering
evaluation of the choice of each
structure and its location prior to
driving the first stake

Staking

This is a Stake

Construction Unit
A construction or assembly unit is a
specific component that is installed
as part of the building block to
construct an entire distribution
structure. Each assembly drawing is
made of materials and has stated
limitations of design

Construction Drawing
Dimensions of the components of the
assembly.
Design limits and recommendations.
Bill of materials required for
construction.

Construction Drawing

C1
0 - 5
C2
5 - 30 Rabbit 50 mm2
C2
5 - 15 Dog 100 mm2
C2
5 - 10 Wolf 150 mm2
C3
25 - 60
C4/2C7
60 - 150
C7
Horizontal Deadend
C8
Double Deadend

Construction Drawing
This is a 3
assembly. It is
designed to
support conductor
from 0 to 5. It is
designated as C1.
The pole is not
part of the unit

Construction as Built

Construction Drawing
This is a 3
vertical assembly. It
is designed to
support conductor
from 30 to 60. It
is designated as
C3.

Construction Drawing
This is a guy (stay)
assembly. It is
designed to
support a pole at
angles or
deadends. It is
designated as E1.

Construction Drawing
This is an anchor
assembly. It is
designed to work in
conjunction with a
guy (stay) at
angles or
deadends. It is
designated as F1.

Construction Safety
Adequate clearance & separation
between conductors.
Clearances to meet TANESCO
requirements for jumpers, and climbing
and working space.
Clearances to permit safe hot line
work.

Construction Safety
High impulse strength for the outer
phases through the use of wood
crossarms.
Minimal radio and TV interference by
providing generous separation of
phase associated hardware from
grounded conductors and/or hardware.

Staking Sheet
A staking sheet should be prepared to
fully describe the construction for the
proposed line.
Typically, a staking sheet will include as
a minimum the following data:

Staking Sheet

Name of job
Name of staking technician
Date when staked
Sheet number
GPS points
Construction Assemblies
Span lengths
Conductor size & type
Line angle

Staking Sheet

Staking Sheet
Pole Numbering

Staking Sheet
Pole Numbering
Example: EC-EH-22-5-Bad
EC

EH

Substation

22

Feeder Pole no.

B
Tap

a
LV

d
lv

lv

Substation A two-letter designation is assigned to all 11 kV

and 33 kV substations.
Feeder A two-letter designation is assigned to all 11 kV and 33
kV substation feeders.

Staking Sheet
Pole Numbering
Example: EC-EH-22-5-Bad
EC
Substation

EH

22

Feeder Pole no.

Tap

LV

lv

lv

Pole no. The pole no. is the correlative number of the pole of a particular
feeder . If two poles exist at the same location such as a transformer or
equipment location where the two poles are physically connected by a
platform, then a decimal point and number will be added i.e. EC-EH-22-2.1
and EC-EH-22-2.2. If a pole is inserted at a later date then a decimal point
and number will also be added.
Tap (optional) If there is a primary line tap from a feeder, then a number
will be used after the corresponding Pole no. Otherwise the space will be
blank. If there is a tap from a tap, again a number designation will be
assigned after the corresponding Tap pole number designation.

Staking Sheet
Pole Numbering
Example: EC-EH-22-5-Bad
EC
Substation

EH

22

Feeder Pole no.

5
Tap

B
LV

a
lv

d
lv

LV An Upper-case letter will be used to designate the secondary feeds from a

transformer. Facing north and moving clockwise, the first secondary LV feed will be
A, the next in rotation will be B and so forth.
lv A lower-case letter will be used to designate the pole position along the feed.
Aa would be the first secondary pole on the A feed. Bb would be the second pole
along the B feed, and so forth.
lv - Additional lower-case letter(s) will be used to designate a secondary tap or
derivation from a secondary feed. Bad indicates that from the third pole of
secondary feed B there are four additional poles to arrive at Bad.

Staking Sheet
Line Sketch

Route of the line to built

Poles
Guys and Anchors
Transformers
Taps
Sectionalizing Devices
Secondary Line
Open Points

Staking Sheet
Line Sketch
These symbols are
used when
preparing the
sketch on the
staking sheet.

Staking Sheet

Staking Sheet

Staking Sheet

Staking Sheet to Material List

Use interactive UniCalc

Staking Crew Equipment

Hammer, 1 kg.
Spray Paint
Nails, 6 MS
Back Pack
Nails, 3 Concrete
Theodolite & Tripod
Bottle Caps
Tape 10 m & 100 m
Pencils & Markers
Staking Template
Traffic Cones
Staking Form Holder
Safety Vests
Measuring Stick 10 m
Hats
Hand Level
Machete
Water Thermos