THEORIES OF LOVE

Proposed by Psychologists

There are different kinds of love. But never the same

love twice.

Liking vs Loving
Psychologist Zick Rubin
proposed that romantic love is
made up of three elements:
attachment, caring and intimacy.

Compassionate vs Passionate
According to psychologist Elaine Hatfield and her
colleagues, there are two basic types of love:
compassionate love and passionate love.
Compassionate love is characterized by mutual
respect, attachment, affection and trust.
Compassionate love usually develops out of
feelings of mutual understanding and shared
respect for one another.
Passionate love is characterized by intense
emotions, sexual attraction, anxiety, and affection.

Color Wheel Mode of Love

In his 1973 book The Colors of
Love, John Lee compared styles
of love to the color wheel. Just
as there are three primary
colors, Lee suggested that there
are three primary styles of love.

Three Primary Styles

1. Eros Loving an ideal person
2. Ludos Love as a game
3. Storge Love as friendship

Three Secondary Styles

1. Mania (Eros + Ludos)
Obsessive love
2. Pragma (Ludos + Storge)
Realistic and practical love
3. Agape (Eros + Storge)
Selfless love

Components of Love
Psychologist Robert Sternberg
proposed a triangular theory
suggesting that there are three
components of love: intimacy,
passion, and commitment.

WHAT COMMON
UNDERSTANDING CAN BE
DRAWN AMONG THE THEORIES?

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN LOVE

HAS COME TO AN END?

WE ARE HURT.

LOVING BECOMES

PAINFUL.

HOW CAN WE MOVE ON

FROM A BITTER PAST?

ZITA
ARTURO B. ROTOR

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Arturo B. Rotor medical

doctor, a musician, and a

writer.
He attended the
University of the
Philippines.
In 1966, the Philippine
government awarded him
the Republic Cultural
Heritage Award in
recognition of his literary
accomplishments.

AMONG THE
CHARACTERS TO WHOM
CAN YOU IDENTIFY WITH?

LOVE QUOTATIONS

James A. Baldwin
Love does not begin and end
the way we seem to think it does.
Love is a battle, love is a war,
love is a growing up.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

I have decided to stick with
love. Hate is too great a burden
to bear.

Mother Teresa
I have found the paradox, that if
you love until it hurts, there can
be no more hurt, only more
love.

CHARACTER
SKETCH

ZITA

MR.
RETECHE

DON
ELIODORO

TURONG

STORY PLOT

STORY EXCERPT

Excerpt from
the story

An exile
has come
to Anayat
and he is
so young,
so young.

Excerpt from
the story

His voice
was
scarcely
above
whisperA
thousand
miles,
Mother of
Mercyit
is not
possible.

Excerpt from
the story

Why do
you tear up
a letter
and put it
together
again?

Excerpt from
the story

Shed never
forget the
look on his
face when
she came out.
It was not
surprise, joy,
admiration. It
was as if he
saw someday
there whom
he was
expecting.

Excerpt from
the story

Slowly,
painfully,
she tried to
put the
pieces
together
and as she
did so a sob
escaped
deep from
her breast.

STORY ENDING

Fan Fiction
Create the ending of the Story

FIGURES OF SPEECH

Simile
A simile is a figure of speech that makes

a comparison, showing similarities between

two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a
simile draws resemblance with the help of
the words like or as. Therefore, it is a
direct comparison.
The water well was as dry as a bone.
He is as cunning as a fox.

Metaphor
Metaphor is a figure of speech which makes an implicit,

implied or hidden comparison between two things or objects

that are poles apart from each other but have some
characteristics common between them. In other words, a
resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made
based on a single or some common characteristics.
It is going to be clear skies from now on. (This implies that
clear skies are not a threat and life is going to be without
hardships)
The skies of his future began to darken. (Darkness is a
threat; therefore, this implies that the coming times are going
to be hard for him.)
Her voice is music to his ears. (This implies that her voice
makes him feel happy)

Personification
Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing,
an idea or an animal is given human attributes. The
non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that
we feel they have the ability to act like human beings.

The wind whispered through dry grass.

The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.
Time and tide waits for none.

Irony
Situational Irony
This type of irony may occur when the
outcome of a certain situation is completely
different than what was initially expected. It
is often referred to as an irony of events.

Example: A man who is a traffic cop gets his license

suspended for unpaid parking tickets.
Example: An ambulance driver goes to a nightime bike
accident scene and runs over the accident victim
because the victim has crawled to the center of the road
with their bike.

Dramatic irony occurs when the audience/readers know

but other characters in the story do not know.
Example: As an audience member, you realize that if a
character walks into an abandoned warehouse, chances
are a killer is waiting... but because you are a member of
the audience you cannot disclose the information to the
character.
Example: In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare
Romeo finds Juliet in a drugged state and he thinks she is
dead. He kills himself. When Juliet wakes up she finds
Romeo dead and kills herself.
Example: In Macbeth by William Shakespeare Macbeth
appears to be loyal to Duncan but he is planning
Duncan's murder. Duncan doesn't know Macbeth's plans
but the audience knows what is going to happen.

 Verbal Irony Examples

When there is an incongruity between what is stated and

what is. Generally, one of the two elements is an

antithesis to the other, creating an ironic contradiction.
A man looked out of the window to see the storm

intensify. He turned to his friend and said wonderful

weather were having!

Oxymoron
a figure of speech that juxtaposes elements that appear to
be contradictory. Oxymora appear in a variety of contexts,
including inadvertent errors (such as "ground pilot")
Examples: great depression

cruel to be kind
clearly confused
walking dead
only choice
alone together

A paradox is a statement that apparently contradicts itself

and yet might be true (or wrong at the same time).
You can save money by spending it.
I'm nobody.
"What a pity that youth must be wasted on the
young."

Difference Between Oxymoron and Paradox

Oxymoron and paradox are very similar concepts, and the
definition of oxymoron states that sometimes they may present a
paradox.
The difference is that a paradox often is used in literature to give
unexpected insights, whereas an oxymoron does not necessarily
lead to any insights.
Paradoxes usually defy intuition in that they combine seemingly
contradictory concepts to hint at a deeper truth.
Oxymora, on the other hand, are often easy to grasp the
meaning of even while the terms involved are usually used to
mean opposite things.

"Daphne, you can't go. You have to stay. I've only just
recently realized how important you are to us. You see,
if you go, Dad and I will kill each other.

Metonymy (/mtnmi/ mi-TONN--mee) is a figure of speech in which a

thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of
something associated in meaning with that thing or concept.

England decides to keep check on immigration.

(England refers to the government.)
The suits were at meeting. (The suits stand for
business people.)
The pen is mightier than the sword. (Pen refers to
written words and sword to military force.)

Synecdoche is a literary device in which a part of

something represents the whole or it may use a whole to
represent a part.
Synecdoche may also use larger groups to refer to smaller groups or vice
versa. It may also call a thing by the name of the material it is made of or it
may refer to a thing in a container or packing by the name of that container
or packing.

The word bread refers to food or money as in

Writing is my bread and butter or sole breadwinner.
The phrase gray beard refers to an old man.
The word sails refers to a whole ship.

Euphemism
A euphemism is a polite expression used in place of words or

phrases that otherwise might be considered harsh or unpleasant

to hear. Euphemisms are used regularly, and there are many
examples in every day language.
Examples of euphemisms that fall into this category include:
Passed away instead of died
Correctional facility instead of jail
Departed instead of died
Differently-abled instead of handicapped or disabled
Fell off the back of a truck instead of stolen
Ethnic cleansing instead of genocide

OTHER FIGURES OF
SPEECH
Not mentioned in the book

Alliteration is a stylistic literary device identified by the repeated sound of

the first consonant in a series of multiple words, or the repetition of the
same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or
in stressed syllables of a phrase.

But a better butter makes a batter better.

A big bully beats a baby boy.
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming
within phrases or sentences, and together with alliteration. Assonance
is not a rhyme, because the identity of which depends merely on the
vowel sounds.

Men sell the wedding bells.

We light fire on the mountain.
I feel depressed and restless.

Consonance is a poetic device characterized by the repetition of the

same consonant two or more times in short succession, as in "pitter
patter"
Pairs of Consonance Examples
Blank and think
Spelled and scald
Sent and went
Dawn goes down

He struck a streak of bad luck.

When Billie looked at the trailer, she smiled and
laughed.

ONOMATOPOEIA:
The use of words (such as hiss or murmur) that imitate the sounds
associated with the objects or actions they refer to.

"Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff. Dingdong, ding-dong. The little train rumbled over
the tracks."
APOSTROPHE
A figure of speech in which some absent or nonexistent
person or thing is addressed as if present and capable of
understanding.
"Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky."