ROOFING

BCGCA3007B

Types of Roofs

Types of Roofs

Types of Roofs

Problem No1
Calculate Underside of Beams

Problem No1
Calculate Underside of Beams

Exercise 2 Draw in Hips & Valleys

Exercise 2

Review Principles of Roofing

1.Ridges are Level
2.Rafters run at 90 to Wall Plate
3.Hips & Valleys bisect all internal & external
Corners
4.Roof members are set out along
centerlines

Common Rafter
Main Roofing Member
Calculated same method as Gable
Spaced 450mm to 600mm for Tiled
Roofs
600mm to 900mm for Sheet Roof
Cut using a Pattern Rafter

Centering Rafter Layout

Roofs are Set out by
Centreline
Centring Rafters

Centering
Rafters Set
back by
Half Span

Centering Rafter Layout

Half Span

Centering
Rafters Set
back by
Half Span

Ridge
Used to centre Rafters
Length = Length span + Rafter
Thickness

Determine Ridge Length

Crown End Rafters

Cut & Fitted Against Ridge
Act as Opposing Braces
Similar to Common Rafter
Half Rafter is Deducted

Crown End Rafter Layout

What is the Crown End Rafter Centreline Span?

Crown End
Rafters

Crown End Rafter Layout

Ridge 140 x19 Rafter 90 x 45

Crown End
Rafters

CL Span is Half span

CL Span is Half span

Crown End Rafter Layout

What is the run of Centering Rafter & Crown End
Rafter
Ridge 140 x19 Rafter 90 x 45

Crown End
Rafters

CL Span is Half span

CL Span is Half span

Crown End Rafter Layout

What is the run of Centering Rafter & Crown End
Rafter
Centering
Rafters

Ridge

Crown End
Rafters

Hip Rafters

Crown End Rafter Layout

What is the run of Centering Rafter & Crown End
Rafter
Ridge 140 x19 Rafter 90 x 45
Centering
Rafter Run
Deduct
Half Ridge

Crown End
Rafter Run
deduct Half
Centering
Rafter

Crown End & Centering

Rafter
Run Crown End Rafter = Half Span
Half Centering Rafter Width
Run Centering Rafter = Half Span Half
Ridge Width

Hip Rafter
Runs From Corner to Intersection
Crown End & Centering Rafter Centerline
Hips Bisect Corners
Fixing and Locating of Creepers
Distance above Birdsmouth is same
as common rafters

Hip Rafter Layout

Roofs are Set out by
Centerline
Bisects Corner

Hip in Plan

Hip Rafter

Span of Hip

Hip Rafter

Hip Run

Hip Span

Hip Rafter

Hip Run

Hip Span

Hip Rafter

Hip Run

Hip Span

Hip Rafter
Corner Trimmed
to allow a better
fit
Hip Run

Hip Span

Hip Rafter

Hip Rafter Layout

Roofs are Set out by
Centerline
Bisects Corner

Determine
Centreline Span
of Hip

Centreline Span of Hip (Z)

X = Half span = 2070

X = Half span = 2070

Z = (x2) + (x2) = (20702) + (20702)

Z = Half span x 2

Z = 2927

Z = 2927

Centreline Span of Hip (Z)

X = Half span = 2070

X = Half span = 2070

Z = (x2) + (x2) = (20702) + (20702)

Z = Half span x 2

Z = 2927

Z = 2927

Centreline Length of Hip

Mathematically
Methods
Pythagoras
Hip Centreline Length per Meter of
Common Rafter Run
Full Length Calculation

Hip by Pythagoras
Pitch 25

Step 1 Calculate Roof Rise

Rise
= Tan 25 x 2070
= 965mm

Hip by Pythagoras
Pitch 25

Step 1 Calculate Roof Rise

Rise
= Tan 25 x 2070
= 965mm

Hip Rise Must Be The Same

Hip by Pythagoras
Pitch 25

Rise 965mm

Step 1 Calculate Roof Rise Hip Rise Must Be The Same as the rest of the roof
Rise
= Tan 25 x 2070
Hip Centreline Length = (Hip Span + Rise)
= 965mm
= (2927 + 965)
= 3082mm
What is the Hip Pitch ?

Hip by Pythagoras
Pitch 25
Rise =
965mm
Hip CL =
3082

What is the Hip Pitch ?

Using Tan
Tan Pitch = Rise/ Hip Span
Using Cos
Cos Pitch = Hip Span/ Hip CL Length

Tan Pitch = 965/2927

Cos Pitch = 2927/3082

Pitch = 18.25

Centreline Length of Hip

Mathematically
Methods
Pythagoras
Hip Centreline Length per Meter of
Common Rafter Run
Full Length Calculation

Given Rise
= 577 per metre

From Gable Roof Lessons

We Know That for the above Roof the Rafter
Length per meter can be calculated as follows
Rafter per meter run = (1 + 0.577)
= 1.149

Given Rise
= 577 per metre

From Gable Roof Lessons

We Know That for the above Roof the Rafter
Length per meter can be calculated as follows
Rafter per meter run = (1 + 0.577)
= 1.149

Given Rise
= 577 per metre

We learnt previously that for every run of the

common rafter the hip run is 1.414

Given Rise
= 577 per metre

We learnt previously that for every 1meter run of

the common rafter the hip run is 1.414

Given Rise
= 577 per metre

Using Pythagoras we determine the above triangle

Hip per meter of Common Rafter Run = (1.414
+ 0.577)
= 1.527

Given Rise
= 577 per metre

Using Pythagoras we determine the above triangle

Hip per meter of Common Rafter Run = (2 +
0.577)
= (2+ 0.577)
= (2.333)
= 1.527
We can now say that at this given rise per meter, for every meter
of run of the common rafter the hip length will be 1527mm

Given Rise
= 577 per metre

Using Pythagoras we determine the above triangle

Hip per meter of Common Rafter Run = (2 +
0.577)
= (2+ 0.577)
= (2.333)
= 1.527
Therefore Halfspan = 2.070
CL Hip Rafter = 2.070 x 1.527

Pitch = 30

Lets extend this principle

Roof Pitch = 30
Tan 30 = 0.577

Pitch = 30

This Triangle represents

the Common Rafter Pitch
Which by similar triangles
we can transfer to our
steel square

Lets extend this principle

Roof Pitch = 30
Tan 30 = 0.577
This Brings Our Triangle from The Previous Example Back

Pitch = 30

We learnt previously that for every 1meter run of

the common rafter the hip run is 1.414

Pitch = 30

Using Pythagoras we determine the above triangle

Hip per meter of Common Rafter Run = (2 x 1 + 0.577)
= (2+ 0.577)
= (2.333)
= 1.527
Therefore for every meter of Common Rafter run at 30
The Hip Centreline Length = 1.527

Calculate Hip Length per

meter of Common Rafter
Run

Calculate Hip Length per

meter of Common Rafter
Run