GENERAL PROFICIENCY PRESENTATION

ON
The Holy Grail of Astrophysics- Black Holes

Presented
by-

Names

Roll No.

Akash Saha

G-12/12

Chinmoy Adhikary

G12/104

Debashish Basyas

G12/115
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Debjani Debnath
GGirijananda Chowdhury Institute of Management and Technology
12/118
Azara
Guwahati-781017(Assam)

INTRODUCTION
What is a Black Hole?
An area of space-time where space is curved around it completely
Great mass
Unimaginably dense
Inescapable gravity
Escape velocity > c
Not even light can escape

Structure of black holes:

Three types:
Stellar-mass: 3 to 20
times the mass of our
sun
Supermassive:
millions to billions of
times the mass of our
Sun
Mid-mass: In between
stellar-mass and
supermassive
Term black hole was
introduced by John
Wheeler in 1967.

Black hole classifications

Class

Mass

Superma
ssive
black
hole

~1051010
MSun

~0.001
400 AU

Intermedi
ate-mass
~103 MSun
black
hole

~103 km
REarth

Stellar
black
hole

~30km

~10 MSun

Micro
up to
black
~MMoon
hole
In the background: Simulation of a Supermassive Black hole

Size

up to
~0.1mm

Characteristics
Variety of masses and sizes,
structures all alike.
Entire mass concentrated in
an almost infinitely small
and dense point called a
singularity.
This point surrounded by the
event horizon.
It is surrounded by the
Ergosphere- a region in
which the black hole drags
space itself.
In the background: M87 giant elliptical galaxy has a powerful jet, which is coming
from the a disk around 109Msun black hole

Properties
no-hair theorem- a black hole has
only three independent physical
properties:
Mass
Charge and
Angular momentum.

History
18th century- John Michell and Pierre-Simon
Laplace first mention objects with a huge
gravitation, from which even light cannot escape.
1915- Albert Einstein develops the theory of
general relativity.
1916-Karl Schwarzschild finds black holes as a
solution to Einsteins equations
1939-Robert Oppenheimer and Hartland Snyder
predict that massive stars can collapse into black
holes
1967-Term black hole introduced by John
Wheeler
In the background: Merging galaxy Cen A

Formation
when a giant star
dies
blown into space
as a supernova
explosion.
core collapses
under its own
weight.
If remaining
mass > mass of 3
Suns, it will

M15 - one globular cluster with a

suspected black hole at its center.

When the stars reaches its end

of life, gets crushed under its
own gravity, leaving behind a
black hole
.

If black holes are black, how

can we find them?
three ways:
1. Weird motion of
objects
2. Gravitational
lensing
3. Accretion disc
and Relativistic
jets

In the background: simulation of a gas cloud after close approach to the black
hole at the center of the Milky way

How do black holes affect things

near them?
In danger of Being gobbled up by a
black hole? No !
Stellar-mass black holes dont go
around tearing up stars and eating
everything in sight!
Total mass the inner region of a
galaxy the mass of its central
black hole!
A Blast from the past , literally!

What happens when you fall

into a black hole?
spaghettification.
our math (and
intuition) fail us
At the singularity,
space and time as
we know them
come to an end.

Can black holes be used to

travel through spacetime?
Science fiction clich- fact to be?
Can form a tunnel in space called
a wormhole

What can we learn from black

holes?
Ultimate endpoints of matter.
Ripples in fabric of the Universe
Looking back all the way to Time
Zero
space, time, and everything in
between.

Where are black holes

located?

To Infinity and Beyond

EXIST-The Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey
Telescope (EXIST) is a proposed
NASA satellite that will look at the
energetic X-rays emitted from black holes
and other exotic astronomical objects
one of the three Einstein Probes in
NASAs Beyond Einstein Program.
next decade, with unparalleled sensitivity