CHAPTER - 08

TRANSCRIPTION
8.1: Overview of Transcription
8.2: RNA Polymerase Core Enzyme
8.3: Promoter Recognition in Bacteria and Eukaryotes
8.4: Initiation of Transcription and Transition to an Elongating Complex
8.5: Transcription Elongation
8.6: Transcription Termination
8.7: Principles of Transcription Regulation
8.8: DNA-Binding Domains in Transcriptional Regulators
8.9: Mechanisms for Regulating Transcription in Bacteria
8.10: Competition Between cl and Cro and the Fate of Bacteriophage Lambda
8.11: Mechanisms for Modulating Eukaryotic Transcription
8.12: Combinatorial Regulation of Eukaryotic Transcription
8.13: Signaling Cascades and Regulation of Transcription
8.14: Regulation of Elongation and Termination by RNA and Proteins
8.15: Transcriptional Silencing
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8.1 Overview of Transcription

The Central Dogma

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8.1: Overview of Transcription

Figure 08-01

8.1 Overview of Transcription

The Stages
Initiation

Elongation

Termination
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8.1: Overview of Transcription

Figure 08-02

8.2 RNA Polymerase Core Enzyme

RNA polymerases are made up of different subunits

Bacteria and archaebacteria

Eukaryotes

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8.2: RNA Polymerase Core Enzyme

Figure 08-03

8.3 Promoter Recognition in Bacteria

The promoter

The polymerase

The sigma factor

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Figure 08-05

8.3 Promoter Recognition in Bacteria

Figure 08-06

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8.3 Promoter Recognition in Eukaryotes

General Transcription Factors

Figure 08-10

TBP

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8.3 Promoter Recognition in Eukaryotes

The Pre-initiation Complex
RNA Pol II

Figure 08-12

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8.3 Promoter Recognition in Eukaryotes

RNA Pol I

RNA Pol III

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8.3: Promoter Recognition in Bacteria and Eukaryotes

Figure 08-13

8.4 Initiation of Transcription

The Closed Complex

The Open Complex

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8.4: Initiation of Transcription and

Transition to an Elongating Complex

Figure 08-14

8.4 Initiation of Transcription

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8.4: Initiation of Transcription and

Transition to an Elongating Complex

Figure 08-15

8.4 Initiation of Transcription

Transition to the elongation complex

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8.4: Initiation of Transcription and

Transition to an Elongating Complex

Figure 08-18

8.5 Transcription Elongation

After transition to an elongation complex, transcription is highly processive

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8.5: Transcription Elongation

Figure 08-19

8.5 Transcription Elongation

Transcriptional pausing

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8.5: Transcription Elongation

Figure 08-21

8.5 Transcription Elongation

Transcriptional pausing

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8.5: Transcription Elongation

Figure 08-22

8.5 Transcription Elongation

Linking transcription with RNA processing

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8.5: Transcription Elongation

Figure 08-23

8.5 Transcription Elongation

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8.5: Transcription Elongation

8.6 Bacterial Transcription Termination

Bacterial intrinsic terminators have two main features:

In E. coli, certain genes need the Rho protein to

terminate transcription (these are Rho-dependent
terminators;

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8.6: Transcription Termination Figure 08-26a

8.6 Eukaryote Transcription Termination

Termination of RNA Pol II genes is coupled to processing
of the 3 end of the mRNA

Allosteric:

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8.6: Transcription Termination Figure 08-28a

8.6 Eukaryote Transcription Termination

It was found that termination is linked to degradation
of the cleaved RNA fragment.

Torpedo model of termination:

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8.6: Transcription Termination Figure 08-28b