Earthquake Disaster Management

Dr. R. K. Sharma

MULTI-HAZARD DISTRICTS IN INDIA

OUT OF 593 DISTRICTS IN
THE COUNTRY:
Multi Hazard High
Risk District 72
Multi Hazard Medium
Risk DISTRICTS 88

HIGH RISK
MEDIUM RISK
LOW RISK

SOURCE: WWW.UNDP.ORG

WESTERN
COASTLINES, N-E
REGION, REGIONS
ALL ALONG
HIMALAYAN
FOOTHILLS ARE
PRONE TO HIGH
MULTI HAZARD RISK

URBANISED DISTRICTS WITH MULTI-HAZARD RISK

OUT OF 238 URBANISED
DISTRICTS IN THE COUNTRY:
HIMALAYAN FOOTHILLS 26
NORTH EAST 9

26
9
3

WESTERN COAST- 11
GUJARAT 7

11

EASTERN COAST - 8

CENTRAL INDIA 3
64 DISTRICTS ARE
VULNERABLE TO MULTI
HAZARD RISK

Earthquake Risk Mitigation

Methodology

Causes of increasing Earthquake

Risk
Location /Geology
Shimla is bounded by two
major thrusts, the Main
Central Thrust (MCT) and Main
Boundary Fault (MBF)
Shimla can expect an
earthquake of seismic
intensity of VIII on the Modified
Mercalli (MMI) Intensity Scale

Rapid Extension of Slums

on Loose Soil Strata

Poor Hill Side Construction

Practice

Haphazard
Constructions

Closely Constructed Buildings on Unstable Hill

Slope in

Ill-planned Construction on Steep Slopes

Earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or more on Richter scale

may cause failure of multi-storeyed building located

Poor Enforcement of Building

Byelaws

Building Plans are

not examined
structure safety
point of view
Lack of trained staff
to regulate
construction
Untrained building
professional
Engineers,
architects,

Construction in informal Sector

-Sanjoli

Life safety form non structural building

content

TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF
DESTRUCTIONS CAUSED BY
EARTHQUAKES

Condition of Buildings

CBD Area mall road,

lower bazaar , Krishna
Nagar ward of city
have very high
percentage of poor
condition of building

Slope Analysis

Steep Slopes

Height of the Buildings

Concentrati
on of high
rise
Buildings on
steep slopes

Poor Emergency Management

System
Only 100 search and rescue personnel
40 percent of the total area of the
city is not assessable by fire trucks
Three fire station with 8 fire trucks
Wooden structure more vulnerable to
fire
Lack of Rescue equipment in city
Lack of Emergency shelter in
different wards.

Other Major Causes

Poor land use Planning
Lack of open spaces
Narrow streets with steep slopes
Poor Maintenance of rented structures
Lack of awareness
Relief oriented disaster management

system
Shift from traditional wooden structure to
Masonry / RCC
Poor accessibility to emergency services

Composite Risk Level

Risk Management Strategy

Site Selection Criteria for Future

Development
Micro Zonation Map
Topography/slope
Landslide
Rock fall
Liquefaction
Fault line
Soil Dynamics
Accessibility

Good Hillside Practice

Land Use Planning

Development Pattern/form

Decentralized Concentration

Population Density

Accessibility Network

Motor able road

to reach all the
houses

Accessibility Network

Accessibility Network

Open Space and Green Belt

Retrofitting of Lifeline
Structures
Hospitals
Schools/ Colleges
Emergency Control Rooms
Fire Stations
Electrical grids and sub
stations
Telephone and
Communication
networks
Water supply networks

Public Awareness and Capacity

Building
Sensitization of policy makers, city development

authority
Sensitization and training of Engineers and builders on
earthquake safety
Awareness workshop for teachers and students in
schools
Distribution of IEC Material on earthquake safety
Training of masons on safe construction
Capacity building in Emergency Management

Building Level

Thank You