Chapter 1 Waves

2.1Understanding
Arah Mata Angin
1.1
Waves

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
The Nature Of Waves

Waves
Travelling disturbance through a medium from a vibrating or
oscillating source

The medium is a substance or material that transports

the wave from its source to another place

The particles to the medium only vibrate but do not

travel together with the wave

Medium

Transfers energy in the direction of its propagation but do not

transfers matter.

Chapter 1 Waves

Jenis gelombang
Gelombang melintang

Gelombang membujur

Zarah medium bergetar

pd arah yg berserenjang
dengan arah
perambatan gelombang

Zarah mediumbergetar
pd arah yg selari
dengan arah
perambatan gelombang

contoh

contoh
air

Elektromagnetik

bunyi

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
Wavefront

An imaginary line that

joins all the points on the
points on the crest of a
wave

Circular wavefronts

The direction of
wavefront is
perpendicular to the
direction ot the
propagation of its wave

Plane wavefronts

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
Oscillating System
An oscillating system is a system that undergoes a periodic toand-fro movement
Examples

A simple pendulum

A loaded spring

PQRQP
R

Q
A

Amplitude, A = maximum displacement form its rest position (meter, m)

Period,
T = time for one complete oscillation / vibration (second, s)
Frequency, f = number of complete oscillation / vibration in one second
(Hertz, Hz)
Wavelength, = distance
between two successive crests (meter, m)
Wave speed, v = distance moved by a wave in one second (meter per
second, ms-1)

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves

Example :
In an experiment, siti observes that a simple
pendulum completes 40 oscillation in 48.0
seconds. What is
a) the period of oscillation
b) the frequency of oscillation

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
Displacement-Time Graph

T
A
A
T

A = amplitude

T = Period

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves

Example
Figure below shows the displacement time graph of the
oscillating of mass on a spring
From the graph state
a)Amplitude
b)Period
c)frequency

5
0.02
-5

0.04

0.06

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
Displacement-Distance Graph

A
A

A = amplitude

T = Period

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves

Example
Figure below shows the displacement distance graph of
A wave
From the graph find
a)Amplitude
b)Wavelength of the wave

8
3.7
-8

7.4

11.1

distance

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
Speed Of Waves

v = wave speed
v = f
f = wave frequency
= wavelength

Example 1

The frequency of a wave moving to the

shore is 6 Hz and the length between two
waves trough is 3m. What is the speed of
the wave?

v=f
=63
= 18 ms-1

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
Speed Of Waves
Example 2
A teacher attaches a slinky to the wall and begins introducing pulses
with different amplitudes. Which of the two pulses (A or B) below will
travel from the hand to the wall in the least amount of time?

Answer

Both of the pulses reach the wall at the same time

because the amplitude of the wave does not affect the
speed of the wave.

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
Damping In An Oscillating System
Oscillating System In
Vacuum
No energy loss (the system
oscillates forever)

Oscillating System In
The Air
Amplitude decreases
Energy loss to the surroundings due
to air resistance and friction
Damping is said to have occurred in an oscillating system when there is
a loss of energy to the surroundings.

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves
Resonance
An oscillating system is at resonance when it is driven at its natural
frequency by a periodic force.
At resonance, the amplitude of the ascillating system rises to
maxiumum.

Bartons Pendulum

Since the length of the pendulum B string = length of the pendulum string E,
both pendulums B and E have the same natural frequency.
Therefore, pendulum E is at resonance with pendulum B and will oscillate
with larger amplitude.

Chapter 1 Waves

Understanding Waves

END OF CHAPTER
1.1 Understanding Waves