Pin Retained Restoration

Definition:

One or more pins may be required to

supplement inadequate retention in a cavity for
retention.

> Extension of cavity into holes

or channels
> Channels are placed in dentine ,
pins are placed in channel.
Hence called dentine's pins

Pin Retained Restorations

Retentive Features of a Cavity

Two Types:
1. Primary or Principal means
2. Auxiliary means
1. primary or Principal means:
i. Friction :
a. Opposing walls
b. Parallel walls
c. Surface area of opposing walls
d. Proximity of restorative
materials to walls
ii. Dove-tail :
iii. Undercuts or inverted cones :
iv. Elastic deformation of dentine

2.
Auxiliary
means
:
Retentive Features of a Cavity
i. Grooves
ii. Internal
boxes
iii. Etching of
enamel
iv. Pins
v. Posts
etc.

Indications

1. Mutilated / badly brocken down tooth :

> For rubber dam application
> For or the -bands-attachment
> For restoration of tooth
2. Foundation :
> For crowns
> To conserve tooth-structure
3. Questionable prognosis :
> Endodontically
> Periododontically
4. Cross linkage mode :
To connect two bulky parts abnormal tooth removal
5. Adjunct retention mode :
To resist post rotation
6. Economical :Than crowns
7. Auxiliary / reciprocal retentive mode for a restoration.

Indication of pin

i. Grossly carious teeth

Indications of pin

2. Foundation :

> For crowns

> To conserve tooth-structure

Indications of pin
3. Questionable prognosis :

> Endodontically
> Periododontically

tions of pin
v. Adjunct retentive mode :
The presence of pins in case of post
retained restoration , help in prevention of
rotation of restoration

ons of pin
4. Cross linkage mode :
To connect two bulky parts
-abnormal tooth removal.

Indications of
pin
6. Economical :

Than crowns

offerofretention
without the
Advantages
pins
need for
extensive
preparation of tooth structure
ii. Resistance :
may increase resistance
form of the
preparation to some extent e.g. in
case
of cross-linkage
iii. Less time consuming :

Do not increase the strength of

Disadvantage
of
pins
restorative
materials
Even decrease the strength of
restorative
materials
i.Induce stresses in dentine may be
cause :
a. cracks /
crazes in tooth
b. micro-leakage
c. pulpal damage
External or pulpal perforation

Pin Retained Restoration

Types of pins:
Four kinds of pin systems are currently available :
1. Cemented pins
2. Friction-locked pins
3. Self-threading pins
4. Cyanoacrylate pins

1. Cemented pins :
Sizes of pins:
a. 0.020''
b. 0.025''

Cemented pin

2. Friction grip / friction lock pins :

Sizes of pin : 0.0021'' or 0.022''

3. Threaded pins:- >Thread made system

>Stabilock system
Sizes of pins:
a. Regular ( 0.031 )
b. Minim ( 0.024 )
c. Minikin ( 0.019 )
d. Minuta ( 0.015 )

Compare sizes of the channels with that of different pins :

Type of pins

Pin channel diameter

Pin diameter

0.027

0.025

0.021

0.020

2. Friction grip pins

0.021 "

0.022 "

3. Threaded pins

0.027

0.031 "

0.022

0.024 "

0.017 "

0.019

0.013

0.015

1. Cemented pins

Compare sizes of the channels with that

of different pins :

Pin channel

Successful Pin Placement

This depends upon following factors :
1. Stresses induced by pins insertion in the dentine
2. Retention of pin in the dentine
3. Effect of pins on restorative materials.
4. Knowledge of tooth anatomy ( External )( Internal )
5. Knowledge of radiographic findings.
6. Proper techniques of placement of pins in dentin in
cavity.

Stresses induced by pins in dentin

Factors related to dentine :
1. types of dentine :
- elasticity of dentin stress tolerance
- Decreasing order of tolerance
Primary dentin > secondary dent
> sclerosed dentine > tertiary dentin > caleific barrier
2. bulk of dentin
stress tolerance
Factors related to pins :
Types of pins :
diameter
surface texture
technique
Other factors :
Inter pin distance
loose pins
pin depth
wedge end of pin
No of pin
pin handling
dentinal depth : protrusi
Avoid stress
ideal 1:1
bearing areas
acceptable 2:1
Using drill
correctly

Stresses induced by pins in dentin

Stresses denoted by ~~
stresses (denoted by ~~) induced by friction grip pin in dentin are
greater than threaded pins / cement pins stresses by threaded pins
> that of cemented pins.

Retention of pins in dentine :

Factors related to dentine ;
1. Types of dentine :
- elasticity of dentine retention
2. Bulk of dentin Retention
Factors related to pins :
1. Types of pins :
Diameter
Surface texture
Technique
2. Other factors :
pin channel
no of pins
circumference
< ( cutting )( bending )( orientation )
pin depth
pin handling
inter pin
dentinod depth : protrusion
distance
ideal 2:1
acceptable 1:1
Type of cement :
decreasing order of retention copper phosphate
cement > z p c > p.c.c > Z no E

Pins and restorative material

See the effect :

strength wise
retention wise
Pins increase retention of rest material
Pins decrease strength of rest material

Following factors retention:

Pins factors :
i. Types of pins :

ii. Other factors :

a. diameter
b. surface texture

a. orientation
b. pin length on restorative material
c. interpin distance
d. no. of pins
iii. Proximity of restorative material to pins

Stresses and pins in restorative material :

i. Chiesel / wedge end of pin in restorative material

ii. Inter pin distances
iii. Bulk of restorative material over the cavity end of pin
iv. Adaptability of rest material around the pin

Knowledge of tooth anatomy

a. pulp chamber
b. tooth morphology
[surface contours]
c. tooth alignment
d. cavity extentsion
e. age of patient

Knowledge of normal pulp chamber anatomy

and external tooth surface contour

>< Avoid in case of upper molar.

Avoid in case of lower molar

Proper and successful pin placement

Two fields - (i) Factors

{Proper & successful pin placement depend
(ii) Technique
{on the factor and techniques
Factors for proper placement of pins :
i. Pin size :
Selection of pin size depend on :
a. Amount of dentin pin size
b. Retention required pin size
ii. no. of pins :
Depends on:
a. Amount of lose tooth structure no. of pins
b. Amount of dentine no. of pins
c. Retention required no. of pins
d. Size of pins no. of pins
iii. Depth of pin in dentin :
Maximum depth : 2-4mm.
iv. Inter pin distance :
Optimum distance : 3-5mm.
v. length or height of pin in cavity :
* Maximum height : 2mm.
* 1-5 or 2mm minimum amalgam should be present above the
cavity end of pin.

Proper & successful placement of pin

Factors of proper & successful placement of pin :
(vi). Location or distribution of pins :
a. The pin should always be placed midway between the pulp
and tooth surface
b. Place at cervical 1-3 rd of molars & premolars.
c. Where greatest bulk of amalgam can be placed
(minimum 1.5mm)
d. As close as possible to the line angles
e. Where the greatest bulk of dentin is present
f. 0.5mm away from DEJ
g. 0.5mm away from axial or vertical wall cavity
h. Always on flate surface / even the different levels
i. Use one pin her cusp for TMS (regular) Two or more for
TMS (minimum), friction lock or cemented pins
j. Limited on. Of pins should be used

Proper & successful placement of pin

Factors :
(vii) direction of pins :
a. Pin is placed always midway between
pulp chamber and tooth surface.
b. Always place the pins at the line angles
of the tooth.

( C ) The following areas should be avoided :

i. Pulp-chamber {areas of pulp-proximity}
ii. Isthmus area
iii. Bi and Tri furcation areas
iv. Concavities or flutings on the outer
surfaces of tooth
v. Where amount of dentine is too less yo
place pin
e.g. Mesiofacial corners of molar teeth
vi. Too close enamel or DEJ