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B A L M E S N A V A LTA P U E B L O
Metal A
WIRING TO SIGNAL
CONDITIONING
CIRCUITRY
Metal B
Measurement
Junction
Reference
Junction
thermocouple
an
electrical
device
that
responds
to
d i ff e r e n c e i n t e m p e r a t u r e b y p r o d u c i n g a n
electric current.
Ty p e s o f T h e r m o c o u p l e
Chromel
90% nickel
10% chromium
Alumel
95% nickel
2%
manganese
2% aluminum
Constanta
n
55%
copper
45% nickel
K-type Thermocouple
The Principle
The Process
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Wide Temperature
Range
Robust
Rapid Response
No Self Heating
Applications
Insulated thermocouple
Thermocouple connectors
Nozzle
is a device designed to control the direction or
characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to
increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an
enclosed chamber or pipe.
Ty p e s o f N o z z l e s
Jet
A gas jet, fluid jet, or hydro jet is a nozzle intended to
eject gas or fluid in a coherent stream into a
surrounding medium. Gas jets are commonly found in
gas stoves, ovens, or barbecues.
High velocity
Frequently, the goal is to increase the kinetic energy of
the flowing medium at the expense of its pressure and
internal energy.
Propelling
A jet exhaust produces a net thrust from the energy
obtained from combusting fuel which is added to the
inducted air. This hot air passes through a high speed
nozzle, a propelling nozzle, which enormously increases
its kinetic energy.
Magnetic
Magnetic nozzles have also been proposed for some
types of propulsion, such as VASIMR, in which the flow of
plasma is directed by magnetic fields instead of walls
made of solid matter.
Spray
is a precision device that facilitates dispersion of
liquid into a spray
Shaped
Some nozzles are shaped to produce a stream that
is of a particular shape
D i ff u s e r s
a device that controls the characteristics of a
fluid at the entrance to a thermodynamic open
system
H VA C
H e a t i n g Ve n t i l a t i n g - A i r c o n d i t i o n i n g