Two Way slab

Whats two way

slab?

A rectangular slab is supported by beams at all sides

( length /width ) < 2

Whats two way slab ?

A Circular slab is also

a two way slab

In general a slab which is not falling in the category of one way slab ,
considered as two way slab.
So

load

is carried in both direction

main reinforcement is placed in both direction

Why Two way slab

design adopted ?

When (length /width ) < 2 the one way slab design go beyond
effectiveness.
We know, one way slabs are designed to transfer their loads to only two
opposite support walls. But when (l/b<2)
two opposite support walls cant take the load ,so a criteria is required to
transfer the load to four supporting walls.

Why two way slab design adopted ?

In case of one way slab we all know that ,when loaded such
slabs bend into cylindrical surface.
But in case of two way slab when loaded such slabs bend
into a dished surface rather than a cylindrical surface.

Why Two way slab design adopted ?

That means at any point the slab is curved in both direction

& since bending moment are proportional to curvature &
moments also exist in both direction .
To resist this moments the slab must be reinforced in two
direction , by at least 2 layers of bars , perpendicular ,
respected to two pairs of edges .
The slab must be design to take a proportionate share of the
load in each direction.

TYPES OF TWO WAY SLAB

Two-way
Edgesupported
Slabs

Two-way
Column
Supported
Slabs

Flat Plates
Flat Slabs
Waffle Slabs

Two-way Edge-supported Slabs

Two-way Edge-supported Slabs

It is the simplest type of two way slab .

Here the slab or slab panel is supported along its four edges
by relatively deep , stiff, monolithic concrete beams or walls
or steel girders .

Two-way Column-supported
Slabs

Two-way Column-supported Slabs

Flat Plate
These slabs do not have beams between the columns, drop
panels or column capitals. Usually, there are spandrel beams
at the edges.

Two-way Column-supported Slabs

Flat Plate
This type of two-way slabs is suited for light loads.

Use of flat plates is limited by their punching shear capacities

where large thickness is required in case of heavy loads or
large spans, thus rendering the system uneconomical.

Two-way Column-supported Slabs

Flat slabs
These slabs do not have beams but have drop panels or
column capitals.

Two-way Column-supported Slabs

Flat slabs
This system is appropriate for heavier loads encountered
in office or industrial buildings.

Two-way Column-supported Slabs

Waffle slabs
For long span construction, there are ribs in both the
spanning directions of the slab. This type of slabs is called
waffle slabs.

Two-way Column-supported Slabs

Waffle slabs

This is attributed to the considerable reduction in

dead load as compared to other floor systems.

Two-way Column-supported Slabs

Waffle slabs

Waffle slab construction consists of orthogonal sets of ribs

with solid parts at the columns, as shown in figure . The ribs
are formed with fiber glass or metal dome forms.

Analysis

Analysis

In fig let us assume , it is consist of 2 sets of parallel strips ,

in each of 2 direction , intersecting each other.

Analysis

By using second-order differential equation , for the

maximum bending moment we found the deflection curve
& maximum deflection equation .

Analysis

Equating the center deflection of the short & the long strips
gives

Consequently ,

So, larger share of load carried in the short

direction.

Analysis
If both support are simply supported then ,

Wa = Wb = W/2
If length are equal then ,
la= lb
Then maximum moment ,
For elastic plate ,
Assuming torsion ,

Analysis
Corner panel :

The twisting moments which usually consequence only at

extreme corners of a two way slab system , where they tend
to crack the slab at the bottom along the panel diagonal & at
the top perpendicular to the panel diagonal.

So special reinforcement is required .

Provided at the extreme corner in both the top & the bottom
of the slab , distance is equal to 1/5 th of the longer span.

Analysis
Corner panel :
Top = parallel to diagonal
Bottom = perpendicular to diagonal

Design

Two empirical methods are mainly established for

analysis and design .
The first of these methods is the Direct Design
Method which has to meet certain limiting
conditions.
The second method is called the Equivalent Frame
Method, which has no restrictions on its use. But this
method is rather complex.

End of presentation

Any question?