US foreign policy after the Cold war

Outline
Bush (41) foreign policy
Clinton foreign policy
Bush (43) foreign policy
Obama foreign policy

US national strategy under

George H. W. Bush- The New world order

George H. W. Bush & New World Order

We can see a new world coming into view, a world order in
which the principles of justice and fair play protect the weak
against the strong, a world in which freedom and respect for
human rights find a home among all nations it is the role of
the United States to marshal its moral and material
resources to promote a democratic peace. It is our
responsibility to lead
("Toward A New World Order", Sep 11th 1990)

The Panama War

In December 1989, Bush sent 24,000 troops to invade Panama
and overthrow Noriega during Operation Just Cause
Reasons:

Prevent threats of drug trafficking to American society

Stabilize Panamanian government

The First Persian Gulf War

Aug. 2th 1990 Iraq invaded and annexed Kuwait as a

response to overproduction of oil in Kuwait

US ordered the deployment of massive military forces

in Kuwait, supported by a coalition of other nations

US launched Operation Desert Shield removed Iraq

troops

U.S. Motivations
Strengthen the international cooperation and increase USs prestige
Protect its oil supplies and then take control of oil resources in the

Gulf
Protect human rights, especially Americans abroad
Assure security and stability of the Persian Gulf
Consolidate his New world order: a new era free from the threat

of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the

quest for peace

Somali Civil War

US military participation: Unified Task Force (NITAF) from

Dec. 1992 to May 1993 and UNOSOM (initiated by UN)

Operation Restore Hope: create a secure environment for

humanitarian efforts
Reasons:

CNN Effect: political pressure on the Bush administration to

respond aggressively to end the massive starvation
Oil interests for U.S companies

US foreign policy under Clinton

administration

US national policies under Clinton

administration
Our strategic goal is to bring the nations of
the world closer together around
fundamental principles democracy and law,
open markets and a commitment to peace
Bill Clinton, 1999

1. Promoting democracy

Assistance to the democratization of Russia and

other Newly Independent States (NIS)

2. Promoting open market

Formation of North American Free Trade
Agreement and World Trade Organization
Bilateral approaches toward specific partner
like Japan, Europe, China, Big Emerging
Markets
Lifting trade embargo to Vietnam in 1994

3. Promoting International Values

Military intervention for the purpose of upholding key
values like human rights.
- Somalia (1993)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995)
Haiti (1994-1995)
Northern Ireland war 1998
- Kosovo (1999)

4. Promoting security and stability

Non-proliferation efforts in North Korea
Counterterrorism in the Middle East (Bin
Laden/ Al Qaeda force in Afghanistan,
Hezbollah forces in Lebanon)

US Foreign Policy under Bush (43) Administration

Peace is Earned Through

Strength

Increased Military Budget

Global War on Terror

Bush Doctrine
Authored by Cheney & Paul
Wolfowitz
Actions that will protect the
security and democracy of
Americans are justified

China
New President-Hu Jintao
April 1-US Spy Plane collides w/Chinese fighter
Emergency Landing on Hainan Island
Held for 12 Days, US paid $34, 567.89
Plane returned 2 months later

In over 100 boxes!

September 11th Attacks

8:45am-American Airlines

11 from Boston hits WTC

(North)
9:08am-United 175 from
Boston hits WTC (South)
9:43am-American 77 from
Dulles hits Pentagon
10:10am-United 93 from
Newark crash lands into
Somerset, PA

After 9/11
2,999 people died, 24 are still missing

246 on the 4 Planes, 2603 in NYC, 125 at Pentagon

All Civilian International air traffic was banned from

landing for 3 days

Terrorism can shake the foundations of our tallest
buildings but it cant shake the resolve of the
American people.
Approval Rating hit 86%, highest ever

Operation Enduring Freedom

October 7- US invasion of Afghanistan

Destruction of Terrorist training camps

Capture of Al-Qaeda Leaders (bin Laden)
Nov. 21-Battle of Tora Bora-remove Taliban from Kabul
President Hamid Karzai
Operation Mountain Thrust (2006)-renew attacks
against the Taliban

Axis of Evil
Iran
Iraq
North Korea
Cuba
Libya
Syria

Pre-War Iraq
UN Resolution 1441-No tolerance or defiance of

international law (WMD)

Reasons for War-WMD and ties to 9/11

CIA was continuing to investigate allegations of yellow-cake

uranium sales in Niger; Thomas Wilson and Valerie Plame
(CIA)
No real connection was ever found
Hans Blix was never aware of any indications of a nuclear
program that could attack the US

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Invasion began on March 20, 2003
Led by General Tommy Franks
Baghdad falls on April 9
Successes

Operations over May 1, 2003

Uday & Qusay killed, Saddam
Executed (Dec. 30, 2006)
Iraq becomes a democracy in
2004
Current leader-Prime Minister
Nouri Al-Maliki

Images of the War

1991 vs. 2003???

Troops-680,000 invasion
540,000 US
148 US Dead (36 Friendly

Fire)
30 Supporting Nations

52,000 Saudi Arabia

43,000 United Kingdom
33,600 Egypt

Troops-300,000

invasion
3915 US Soldiers Dead
17 Supporting Nations
South Korea 933

Romania 397
El Salvador 280

Cost $400 Billion to US

3 Months of Active

Cost $61 Billion ($7 Billion to

Combat

US)
6 Weeks of Combat

North Korea
Kim Jong Il
Walked away from 1994 Agreement

$4 Billion, Oil, Light-water reactors

Oct. 6, 2006-Detonated Nuclear
Device (Underground)
May 7, 2007-Agreed to shut down
reactors for release of frozen bank
funds
US, China, North Korean Deal
September 2, 2007-Agreed to
dismantle nuclear program by the
end of 2007.

The Roadmap to Peace

Bushs Desire for a Palestinian State by 2005
Denounced Arafat (Died in 2003)
Israel PM-Ehud Olmert
Palestinian President-Mahmoud Abbas
Israel must halt West Bank activity
Palestinian must halt and dismantle all terrorist activities

Libya
Colonel Muhammar

Quadhafi
Agreed in 2003 to
disarm all of their
WMD
Allowed weapons
inspectors in (UN)
In 2006, agreed to full
diplomatic ties with the
US (off Axis of Evil)

Iran
President Mahmoud

Ahmadinejad
US calls for a stop to production
of all nuclear weapons
In 2003, Iran stopped making a
bomb
Continued enrichment of
uranium
Continued long range missile
system

OBAMAS FOREIGN POLICY

Barack Hussein Obama II
Born on August 4, 1961 in

Honolulu, Hawaii
Studied at Occidental
College then transferred
to Columbia University
1988-Harvard Law School
1990- Was first AfricanAmerican editor of the
Harvard Law Review

After graduation worked as a civil rights lawyer

1992-2004- Teacher at the University of Chicago

Law School
1996-Illinois State senator
2004-U.S. Senator
2009-44th President of the U.S.

Obamas unusual family history embodied the

American Dream
His mother, Ann Dunham was
white, his father, Obama Sr. was
from Kenya
Had a multiethnic upbringing
Represented a new hope; the end
of Americas racial issues

In his campaign he emphasized hope and change

Foreign policy
5 foreign policy goals:

- ending the war in Iraq

- finishing the fight against Al-Queda and Taliban
- securing nuclear weapons from rogue states
- achieving energy security
- rebuilding the alliances

Obama Doctrine
2 ideas:- Americas role in the world has been

aggressive and arrogant in promoting

democracy
- Multilateral institutions restrain U.S.A
power
Emphasis on negotiation and collaboration
Re-building broken relationships and building new
alliances
Repairing the U.S. image

Obama told that his election as the first black

president could change geopolitical dynamics.

He tries to do that by marketing his background.
Cooperative realism: realist assessment of the threat
posed by non traditional sources and the limits of US
power to tackle those threats single-handedly

Middle East
Retreated the American troops from Iraq
Continued the war in Afghanistan
USA does not want to establish long term military

presence in either country.

Prevent violent extremism
Engaged in discussion with Iran on the nuclear
weapons

The Israel-Palestine conflict:

-Obama promotes a two-state solution: the two are

radically different and cannot be reconciled
-opposes the Israeli expansion
This makes look the US has an even-handed policy
In 2011 Obama intervened in the conflict in Libya

Russia
Reset button-improving relations with Russia
The policy has 3 goals:

-the heightened urgency of resolving the Iranian

nuclear question
-the need for additional transport routes into
Afghanistan to support a larger US military presence
-a return to a more multilateral approach to ensuring
nuclear security and strengthening the nonproliferation regime

Working with Russia to reduce nuclear weapons

2011-New START Treaty
Arms control treaty- nuclear missile launchers will

be reduced by half

North Korea
After Obamas inauguration in 2009 North Korea

threatened to test nuclear weapons

Obama administration showed restraint and didnt
act
US does not allow investment, trade or aid flow to
North Korea

Climate change
Reducing the emissions and developing low carbon

technologies
Countries that contribute to atmospheric emissions
must undertake actions in order to cut greenhouse
gas emissions
Copenhagen Accord-between US and BASIC
Countries ( China, South Africa, India, Brasil)

Questions
What was foreign strategy of Bush (41)

administration? And his policy toward Vietnam?

What was foreign strategy of Clinton administration?
And his policy toward Vietnam?
What was foreign strategy of Bush (43)
administration?
What was foreign strategy of Obama administration?
What is your view on the possibility that China will
surpass the US to be number one super power?