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Literature
Second Meeting
Welcome to the world of art and
beauty..
Outline
What is literature?
Why you learn literature
The history of English literature
The Division of literature
Definitions
Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of
written works
English Literature
English
literature
is
the
literature
written
in
the
Why?
POETR
Y
PROSE
PLAY
or
DRAM
A
POETR
Y
What?
Terminologies
Terminologi
es
Poem
Poetry
Poet
Division of Poem
The Outline
Lyric
Sonnet
Ballad
Ode
Limerick
Narrative
Elegy
Epic
Nonsense
Epigram
Satire
Nursery Rhyme
Some useful terms
Lyric
Lyric has no particular form. It is usually fairy short written in the
simple language and has an easy moving an well define rhythm.
Sonnet
A sonnet is poem of 14 lines. Each line has 5 regular beats. There
are two main types:
1. The Italian type with the rhyme scheme: abba abba cde cde (the
rime of the last six lines can vary)
e.g. Sonnet by Milton
2. The English type with rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef
e.g. The sonnet of Shakespeare
Ballad
The traditional ballad was usually sung. It is written in short stanza
and usually tell a simple story of blighted love, battle, death or
supernatural.
Ode
Poem which is addressed to a person or thing, or written for
someone special.
e.g. Ode to duty (wordsworth)
Narrative
Poem that tells a story. Balald are often a particular type of ballad.
Many narrative poem are quite long.
e.g. the boss of the shearing sheeds
Epic
Is long narrative poem built up usually around the adventure of
central hero.
Nursery Rhymes
Hot-cross buns!
Hot-cross buns!
One a penny, two a penny,
Hot-cross buns!
If you have no daughters,
Give them to your sons;
One a penny, two a penny,
Hot-cross buns!
Todays Division
Limerick
Elegy
Nonsense
Epigram
Satire
Some useful terms
Limerick
A limerick is a short humorous poem invented by Edward Lear. It has five
lines , second and fifth having three beats and the third and fourth two. The
rhyme scheme is aabba.
A limerick is a humorous poem consisting of five lines. The first, second,
and fifth lines must have seven to ten syllables while rhyming and having
the same verbal rhythm. The third and fourth lines only have to have five to
seven syllables, and have to rhyme with each other and have the same
rhythm.
Limerick Friend
e.g.
Allen Steble (20/04/1987)
Value your true and closest friends
When theyre down help them to mend
Their trust do not betray
Their help do not delay
Stick with them to the very end
Edward Lear
There was an Old Man with a gong,
Who bumped at it all day long;
But they called out, 'O law!
You're a horrid old bore!'
So they smashed that Old Man with a gong
Elegy
A poem of mourning written on the death of the person
e.g. :
Requiem
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894 / Edinburgh / Scotland)
Nonsense
Poem that does not make any logical senses
when read. It is enjoyed for its sounds, rhythm,
sense of fun and for its pure non sense.
Nonsense verse is a form of light, often
rhythmical verse, often for children, depicting
peculiar characters in amusing and fantastical
situations. It is whimsical and humorous in tone
and tends to employ fanciful phrases and
meaningless made-up words.
Limericks are probably the best known form of
nonsense verse, although they tend nowadays
to be used for bawdy or straightforwardly
humorous, rather than nonsensical, effect.
e.g.
e.g.
One bright morning in the middle of the night,
Two dead boys got up to fight.
Back-to-back they faced one another,
Drew their swords and shot each other.
One was blind and the other couldn't see,
So they chose a dummy for a referee.
A blind man went to see fair play,
A dumb man went to shout "hooray!"
A deaf policeman heard the noise,
And came and killed those two dead boys.
A paralyzed donkey walking by,
Kicked the copper in the eye,
Sent him through a rubber wall,
Into a dry ditch and drowned them all.
(If you don't believe this lie is true,
Ask the blind man -- he saw it too!)
Epigram
A short, witty, and often satirical poem, an epigram is usually between 2
and 6 lines long although it can be a little longer.
e.g.
Epigram For Wall Street
Edgar Allan Poe (19 January 1809 - 7 October 1849 / Boston)
I'll tell you a plan for gaining wealth,
Better than banking, trade or leases
Take a bank note and fold it up,
And then you will find your money in creases!
This wonderful plan, without danger or loss,
Keeps your cash in your hands, where nothing can trouble it;
And every time that you fold it across,
'Tis as plain as the light of the day that you double it!
Satire
A sarcastic poem that attack people or institutions such as
organized religion, political parties. etc.
Blank verse: verse without rime which usually has regular five
beats rhythm.
b.
Heroic couplet: two rhyming lines with five beats rhythm. The
sense is usually complete within the couplet. Much popes poetry
and that of others eighteen century poets was written in heroic
couplet.
c.
Acrostic Poem