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Concrete
First approach
The density or the unit weight of concrete
can be reduced by substituting lightweight
aggregate in place of conventional
aggregate. Lightweight aggregate made by
calcination of clay or shale is commonly
used to produce structural lightweight
concrete that has about one-third less unit
weight than conventional concrete.
Second Approach
Strength of concrete can be raised. High
strength concrete with compressive
strengths ranging from 60 to 120 Mpa is
now available with the advent of
superplasticizers or high-range water
reducing admixtures.
Third Approach
Combination of first two approaches
Use of high strength lightweight aggregate
particles in superplasticized mixtures to
produce high-strength, lightweight concrete.