Investigacin cualitativa

Universidad Casa Grande

Para recordar

Recuerdan quin o qu es APA?

Cmo era ?
Qu datos?
Por qu?

Empecemos a recordar

Find the Citation Error:

A Quick Quiz on APA Style
UW School of
Social Work

Directions
All of the following slides marked,
Catch the Error, break one or more
APA citation rule. See if you can find
the error(s), and then revise the
citation so that it is in conformity
with APA style. When you think you
have corrected the error, move on to
the next slide marked, Revised, and
see if you revised the citation
correctly.

Catch the Error #1

Hollingshead measured
aggressiveness in children before
and after exposure to violent
videogames (2002, p. 15).

Revised
Hollingshead (2000) measured
aggressiveness in children before
and after exposure to violent
videogames.
Explanation: The year comes after
the researchers name. No page
number is needed if there is no direct
quote.

Catch the Error #2

Neither group showed any significant
growth (Wong and Tuttle 2005).

Revised
Neither group showed any significant
growth (Wong & Tuttle, 2005).
Explanation: Use an ampersand (&)
when citing parenthetically and put a
comma between author(s) and year
of publication.

Catch the Error #3

Duffy & Petronius (2002, p. 23) found
that none of the subjects showed
improvement.

Revised
Duffy and Petronius (2002) found
that none of the subjects showed
improvement.
Explanation: Use and -- not
ampersand -- when citing authors
outside of parentheses. No page
number needed since there was no
direct quote.

Catch the Error #4

Boyle (1998, 1998, 1998) found in
three separate studies that the rats
had higher stress hormone levels
after exposure.
[Assume the three studies were done
in 1998 and each was published
separately that year.]

Revised
Boyle (1998a, 1998b, 1998c) found
in three separate studies that the
rats had higher stress hormone
levels after exposure.
Explanation: To avoid confusion, each
study will be designated by a
different letter a, b, c, etc. Items
are listed in the reference section
alphabetically by title.

Catch the Error #5

Parker (2003) found that there was
no significant difference between
the treatment group and the control
group.

Revision
Parker (2003) found that there was
no significant difference between
the treatment group and the control
group (p. 12).
Explanation: Since a direct quote was
used, a page number must be
provided after the quote.

Catch the Error #6

When contacted, Habbib had no
useful explanation except that
mistakes were made (phone call,
2005).

Revised
When contacted, C. S. Habbib had no
useful explanation except that
mistakes were made (personal
communication, December 1, 2005).
Explanation: Use personal
communication and exact date when
citing telephone calls, letters,
memos, personal interviews, etc. You
do not need to put this in the
References section since the data is
non-recoverable.

Catch the Error #7

Bretschneider, John Garrett and
McCoy, Nancy Lewis, 1968. Sexual
Interest and Behavior in Healthy 80102-Year-Olds. Archives of Sexual
Behavior, Vol. 14, pp. 343-350.

Revised
Bretschneider, J. G., & McCoy, N. L.
(1968). Sexual interest and behavior
in healthy 80- 102-year-olds.
Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14,
343-350.
Explanation: 1) only initials for first
names; 2) year in parentheses
followed by period; 3) lower case in
article title; 4) italicize journal name
and capitalize first letters; 5) no
Vol., just italicize; 6) no pp.; 7)

Catch the Error #8

Hashimoto, Thomas. (March 13,
2000, p. 23). Seeing Red in
November. Newsweek, vol. 199.

Revised
Hashimoto, T. (2000, March 13).
Seeing red in November.
Newsweek, 199, 23.
Explanation: Only initial for first
name. Year comes first, then comma,
then month and day, all in
parentheses. Title of magazine is
italicized, followed by comma,
volume number italicized, then page
number(s). Hanging indent,

Catch the Error #9

Pinkerton (originally published in
1844, reprinted in 2001) believed
that democracy was a two-edged
sword. Socrates (400 B.C.) felt the
same way.

Revised
Pinkerton (1844/2001) believed that
democracy was a two-edged sword.
Socrates (trans. 1988) felt the same
way.
Explanation: If original year of
publication is known, list that first,
followed by slash and year of
publication you used. For classical
works, cite the translation year.

Catch the Error #10

Most experts believed the effects
would be disastrous (NIMH 2000). For
example, 8 of those surveyed
believed supplies would run out
within 24 hours. Not surprisingly,
only 2 out of 15 thought survival was
possible after thirty-six hours.
(Assume NIMH is introduced here for
the first time.)

Revised
Most experts believed the effects will
be disastrous (National Institutes of
Mental Health [NIMH], 2000). For
example, eight of those surveyed
believed supplies would run out
within 24 hours. Not surprisingly,
only 2 out of 15 thought survival was
possible after 36 hours.
Explanation: Number and
abbreviation rules.

The Latest Edition

American Psychological Association.
(2001). Publication manual of the
American Psychological Association
(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Reminders
You dont have to memorize all the
rules. There are hundreds of APA
style rules and lots of exceptions to
the rules. Use reference sheets.
If you are planning to write scholarly
papers for publication, get the book.
Take it in slowly, not all at once.
(Preserve your sanity.)
Have writing consultant review for
conformity to APA style.

Good Luck!
Recuerden el libro de APA est la
Biblioteca.

Diseo metodolgico
Los estudiantes conforman grupos de hasta
cinco personas.
Reciben un estudio desarrollado aplicando el
enfoque cuantitativo.
Leen el estudio.
Plantean un estudio con enfoque cualitativo
desde el estudio revisado:
Enfoque
Tipo de investigacin
Tcnicas y herramientas que aplicaran
Informantes