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Indices for evaluating the

cropping systems

Presented
by
D.S.Lagoriya

Introduction
Indices is using for the evaluation of various type of cropping
system to decide their ability and relative advantage .
Land uses efficiency
It tells us about the land area use by the crops .

Biological potential
It tells us about the crop yield in different cropping system.

Interference indices
It tells us about the act of hindering, obstructing, Preventing
movement among the different crops which is grown in a same land
.

Economic viability
Energy efficiency

Land uses efficiency


Multiple cropping index (MCI) cropping index (CI)
It was proposed by Delrymple(1971)
MCI is the sum of areas planted to different crops and harvested
in a single year divided by total cultivated area and expressed as
percentage.
Where
N=total no of crops
ai =area occupied by the I th crop planted and harvested within
A =total cultivated land area available

Cultivated Land Utilization Index (CLUI)

Area & duration considered


n = Total number of crops
ai = Area occupied by ith crop in days
di = Duration of ith crop

if

A = Land area available for cultivation

If CLUI
1=land has not been left fellow
>1=specifaction of inter crop or relay crop

Crop Intensity Index (CII):


Proposed by Menegay et al (1978)
It is calculated by summing the product of area and duration of
each crop divided by the product of farmers total available
cultivated land area and time periods plus the sum of the
temporarily available land area with the time of these land areas
actually put into use.

Where, I = 1, 2, 3NC,
NC = total number of crops grown by a farmer during the time period. T,
ai = area occupied by ith crop (months that the crop I occupied an area ai
T = time period under study (usually one year),
AO= Total cultivated land area available with the farmer for use during
the entire time period, T,
M= total number of fields temporarily available to the farmer for cropping
time period. T,
j=1, 2, 3.. M,
Aj=land area of jth field and
Tj= time period Aj is available

Crop intensity index assesses farmers actual land use in


area and time relationship for each crop or group of
crops compared to the total available land area and
time, including land that is temporarily available for
cultivation.
CII =1 resource have been fully utilized
CII= <1 less utilization of resource

Specific Crop Intensity


Index(SCII)
It also developed by Menegay et al.
SCII is a derivative of CII and determines the amount of area time
denoted to each crop or group of crops compared to total available
to the farmers.

Where
Nk= total number of crops within a specific time period T.
AK = area occupied by the kth crop.
Ik= duration of kith crop.
Using this formula vegetable intensity index, rice intensity
field crops intensity index etc.

Relative Cropping Intensity


Index (RCII):
It is the modification of CII and determines the amount of area
and time allotted to 1 crop or groups of crop related to area- time
actually used in the production of all crops.
RCII numerator equal SCII denominator and RCII denominator
equal CII numerator.

These indices can be used for classifying measuring shifts of


various crops among farm of different sizes and determining
whether the consistent types of cropping pattern occur within
various farm size strata.
These indices also held to know how intensity cultivated land,
area has been utilized

Relative yield index (RYI)

RYI =
district

Mean yield for the crop in a district or group of


Mean all India yield

IF RYI is 90 % it indicates that the region is highly productive

Relative spread index (RSI)

RSI =

area of the crop expressed as % of total cultivated

area of zone
area of the crop expressed as % of total cultivated
area of country

If RSI is 90%,it means that the spread of the crop in the


zone is high

Biological potential
Crop Equivalent yields
Yields of different intercrops are converted into equivalent yield
of one crop based on price.
n

CEY =

(Yi . ei)

i=1

Where
Yi Yield of ith component
Ei Equivalent factor of ith component or price of ith crop

Relative Yield Total (de Wit and Van den Bergh, 1965)
Yield advantage is measured not only based on unit area but also
based on unit population. The use of RYT restricted to
Replacement series only .

1 Yab + Yba
RYT

=-------

------

-----

2 Yaa + Ybb

Where
Yaa, Ybb - Yield of components a and b in sole croppin
here RYT is 1 , there I s advantage
Yab - Yield of a in intercropping with b considering its
Yba -Yield of b in intercropping with a considering its n

Land Equivalent Ratio (Willey,


1979)
LER is the relative land area under sole crop that is required
to produce the same yield achieved in inter-cropping.
n
LER = La +Lb

= Ya + Yb
Sa

Sb

Where
La and Lb =the LER for individual crops in the mixture .
Ya and Yb =the inter crop yield in an inter crop situation .
Sa and Sb =yield of species a and b sole crop .
If LER > 1 yield advantage .

= 1 no gain and loss


< 1 yield loss

Interference indices
Relative Crowding Coefficient (de Wit 1960)
This is one of the competition function For replacement series of
intercropping ,whether the component has produced more or less yield in
intercropping than expected.
Where

Yab

Zba

RCCa (Ka)=-------------- x
(Yaa xYab)

Zab

RCCa

= Relative Crowding Coefficient of component a

---- Yaa, Yab


Zab, Zba

= Yield of a in sole cropping and intercropping

= Sown proportion of a and b in intercroppin

RCC <1 - Less yield than expected

RCC =1 - Same yield as expected


RCC >1 - More yield than expected

To determine whether there is yield advantage, the


product of two coefficients (K) is arrived at.
If K = 1, there is no advantage,
If K > 1, there is yield advantage
If K < 1, there is yield loss due to intercropping

Aggressivity (Mc Gilchrist, 1965)


It gives a simple measure of the relative competitiveness of the
component crops.
Yab
Aab

= --------

Yba
-------------

Yaa x Zab

Ybb x Zba

When A = Zero indicates that the component crops are equally


competitive

= Positive value indicates more competitive than the other species

Aggressivity values do not indicate yield advantage.

Competition Ratio (Willey and


Rao, 1980)
CR indicates the proportion of actual yield to expected
yield and the degree of competitiveness of the species.
It is the ratio of LER'S of the component crops corrected
for the proportion in which they are sown in
intercropping.
CRa=

Yab
Yba
--------- = ---------Yaa x Zba
Ybb x Zab

CRb

Yab
Yba
=
------------- =
------------Ybb x Zba
Yaa x Zab

Net return
Gross return cost of cultivation

Benefit cost ratio =


Gross return
Cost of cultivation

Per day return=


net return
crop duration

Energy efficiency

Energy efficiency

= Energy out put(mj/ ha)


Energy in put (mj/ha)

THANK-U

D.S.Lagoriya

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