DISASTER

MANAGEMENT AND
ROLE OF MEDICAL
PREPAREDENESS
PRESENTED BY:
PRATEEK BANDHU (12627)
YOGESH KUMAR (12628)
YAJAN CHAUDHARY (12629)
KANISHKA (12630)

DEFINITION OF
DISASTER
(W.H.O.): An occurrence of a severity and
magnitude that normally results in death, injuries
and property damage that cannot be managed
through the routine procedure and resources of
government.
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency): A
disaster can be defined as an occurrence either
nature or man made that causes human suffering
and creates human needs that victims cannot
alleviate without assistance.

Definition of Disaster Nursing

Disaster Nursing can be defined as the
adaptation of professional nursing skills
in recognizing and meeting the nursing
physical and emotional needs resulting
from a disaster. The overall goal of
disaster nursing is to achieve the best
possible level of health for the people
and the community involved in the
disaster.

DISASTER alphabetically means

D - Destructions
I - Incidents
S - Sufferings
A - Administrative, Financial
Failures.
S - Sentiments
T - Tragedies
E - Eruption of Communicable
diseases.
R - Research programme and its
implementation

PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER NURSING

Prevent the disaster

Primary

prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention

Minimize casualties
Prevent further casualties
Rescue the victims
First aid
Evacuate
Medical care
Reconstruction

THE GLOBAL
SCENARIO
Death of 3
million people

Economic loss
increased due to
disaster like
flood

In Indian
scenario,
34million people
affected per
year and 5116
death per year.

In US, economic
loss is 400
million dollar
and 3 million
people died.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
DISASTER

AGENT

ENVIRONMENT

HOST

Secondary
Agents

Primary
Agents

AGENTS
OF
DISASTE
R

POLICIES RELATED TO
EMERGENCY/DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1.
2.
3.

First come, first treated principle will

not be followed during emergencies.
Triage protocol
ABCDE care is provided
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability

limitation
Exposure / environmental control

4. Trauma team and trauma code

5. Management of cardiopulmonary arrest
6. Emergency medicine records
7. Chain of command in the team and system
8. Alternative chains and flexibility standards
9. Procedures involving medico-legal issues
10. Disaster preparedness
11. Disaster drills
12. Infection control measures
13. Quality management of disaster services

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE/PHASES

Disaste
r

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

Personal preparedness
Professional preparedness
Community preparedness

DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM

Medical Superintendent
Additional Medical Superintendent
Nursing superintendent
Chief medical officer (Casualty)
HODd of all the dept.s
Blood bank incharge
Security officers
Dietician
Transport officer
Sanitary personnel

EQUIPMENTS

Resuscitation equipment
Disposable needles, syringes & gloves
Dressing & suturing materials and splints
Oxygen delivery devices
Suction catheter and machine
ECG monitors, defibrillators and ventilators
Cut down sets, tracheostomy sets and lumbar
puncture sets
Linens and blankets

GUIDELINES/ELEMENTS OF DISASTER PLANS

Chain of authority
Lines of communication
Routes & modes of transport
Mobilization
Warning
Evacuation
Rescue & recovery
Triage
Treatment
Support of victims and families
Care of dead bodies
Disaster worker rehabilitation

TRIAGE PROTOCOL/SYSTEM
Red: High priority for treatment & transfer
Yellow: Medium Priority
Green: Ambulatory patients
Black: Dead or Moribund patients

RESOURCES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Administrative system
Policies, procedures and protocols
Physical facilities
Components & equipments
Emergency/Disaster medical systems
Staffing and training
Resources for disaster drills
Effective evaluation system

COORDINATION & INVOLVEMENT OF VARIOUS

GOVT. AND NON-GOVT. ORGANIZATION

India
National

disaster management authority of India

Emergency Management and research Institute

Worldwide
International

association of emergency managers

Red cross/red crescent
United Nations
World bank
European union
International recovery platform

ROLE OF MEDICAL
PREPAREDENESS

Assess the community

Diagnose community disaster threats
Community disaster planning
Implement disaster plans
Shelter management plans
Evaluate the effectiveness of disaster plans

LEGAL ASPECTS OF DISASTER

NURSING

Licensure
Good Samaritan
law
Good rapport
Standard care
Standing order
Written consent
for operation and
procedures

Correct identity
Drug maintenance
Self discharge of
the patient
Documentation
Protection of
patient property
Reporting

IMPACT ON HEALTH AND AFTER

EFFECTS
Food & Nutrition
Social reaction
Water supply &
Communicable
sanitation
diseases
Mental health
Population
Damage to the
displacements
Climatic
health
infrastructure
exposure

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)

PTSD is a severe anxiety disorder that can

develop after exposure to any event that
results in psychological trauma.

Symptoms: Flashbacks and nightmares

DIAGNOSIS OF PTSD

History of exposure to a traumatic event

Persistent re-experiencing
Persistence avoidance and emotional numbing
Persistent symptoms of increased arousal not
present before
Duration of symptoms for more than 1 month
Significant impairement

MANAGEMENT OF PTSD

Provide sense of safety

Calm the patient
Improve self efficacy of the patient
Make social connectedness
Give hope

Factors affecting disaster

Environmental factors

Host factors
1. Age
2. Immunization
status
3. Degree of
mobility
4. Emotional
stability

1. Physical Factors
2. Chemical Factors
3. Biological Factors
4. Social Factors
5. Psychological
Factors

Phases of Disaster

Preimpact
phase
Rehabilitatio
n

Impact Phase

Post impact
phase

three fundamental aspects of

disaster management

Disaster
Response

Disaster
Preparednes
s

Disaster
Mitigation

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
Disaster Impact
Recovery phase
after a disaster

Mitigation

Risk reduction phase

before a disaster

Response

Preparedness

Reconstruction
Rehabilitation

DISASTER IMPACT AND

RESPONSE
Search, rescue and first aid

Field care

Triage

Tagging
Identification of dead

Relief phase
The type and quantity of humanitarian relief supplies are
usually determined by two main factors :
(1) the type of disaster, since distinct events have different
effects on the population
(2) the type and quantity of supplies available locally.
There are four principal components in managing
humanitarian supplies:
(a) acquisition of supplies
(b) transportation
(c) Storage
(d) distribution.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEILLANCE AND

DISEASE CONTROL
Overcrowding and poor sanitation
Population displacement
Disruption and the contamination of water supply, damage to
sewerage system and power systems
Disruption of routine control programmes
Ecological changes
Displacement of domestic and wild animals
Provision of emergency food, water and shelter

VACCINATION

NUTRITION

Rehabilitati
on

Water
supply

Food
safety

Basic
sanitatio
n and
personal
hygiene

Vector
control

DISASTER MITIGATION IN HEALTH SECTOR

Emergency prevention and mitigation involves
measures designed either to prevent hazards
from causing emergency or to lessen the likely
effects of emergencies.
These measures include :Flood Mitigation Works
Appropriate Land-use Planning
Improved Building Codes
Reduction Or Protection Of Vulnerable
Population And Structures.

Disaster preparedness
Emergency preparedness is a programme
of long term development activities whose
goals are to strengthen the overall
capacity and capability of a country to
manage efficiently all types of emergency.
It should bring about an orderly transition
from relief through recovery, and back to
sustained development.

The reasons of community preparedness

are:(a) Members of the community have the most to lose from being
vulnerable to disasters and the most to gain from an effective
and appropriate emergency preparedness programme
(b) Those who first respond to an emergency come from within
the community. When transport and communications are
disrupted, an external emergency response may not arrive for
days
(c) Resources is most easily pooled at the community level and
every community possesses capabilities. Failure to exploit these
capabilities is poor resource management
(d) Sustained development is best achieved by allowing
emergency-affected communities to design, manage, and
implement internal and external assistance programme.

Policy development
The policy development is the formal
statement of a course of action. Policy is
strategic in nature and performs the
following functions:
a. establish long - term goals;
b. assign responsibilities for achieving goals;
c. establish recommended work practice;
and
d. determine criteria for decision making.

PERSONAL PROTECTION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF

EMERGENCIES
A number of measures must be observed by all persons in all
types of emergency:
- Do not use the telephone, except to call for help, so as
to leave telephone lines free for the organization of
response.
- Listen to the messages broadcast by radio and the
various media so as to be informed of development.
- Carry out the official instructions given over the radio or
by loudspeaker.
- Keep a family emergency kit ready. In all the different
types of emergency, it is better:
- To be prepared than to get hurt;
- To get information so as to get organized;
- To wait rather than act too hastily.

INTERNATIONAL
AGENCIES PROVIDING
HEALTH
HUMANITARIAN
ASSISTANCE

Community measures in
Disaster
Community Participation
Mock trails/training
Mass awareness
Education

a. Setting up the first aid post

b. Causality evaluation
c. Basic hygiene and sanitation
d. Safety measures
e. Maintenance of food and water supply
f. Maintenance of law and order.
g. Provision of shelters
h. Rescue streaming
i. Significance of traffic control and
communication
j. Use of fire services
k. Hazards of radiation and preventive
measures
l. Prevention of future disasters.
m. Grant in aid
n. Rehabilitation

ROLE OF NURSE ADMINISTRATOR IN DISASTER

MANAGEMENT
Preserving Open Lines of Communication
Ensuring Quality Patient Care
Providing Current Education
Influencing Policy and Financial Decisions
Providing Security for Staff, Patients, and Families

THANK YOU.