INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

ON FTP AND GRUB

ANIRUDH PANDEY
1212210020
CS-71

INTRODUCTION
We

have worked upon administration of

RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) which is
used for administration in various renowned
and large organization for better
administration of both system as well as
their server. One of the main reason for
Linux distribution being widely used is that it
can be configured as per user requirements
without compromising with security of the
system and is more scalable than any other
operating system.

Hardware and Software Requirements

Hardware:
15 GB or more disk space on HDD.
512 MB RAM

Software requirements:
RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.3 or 5.5 or
6

Other requirements are:

A Static IP

What is Linux?
An

OS based on UNIX, was first by

Sir Linux Torvalds.

Free,

Open Source and intended as a nonpropriety OS for the masses.

Based

on Linux Kernel.

What is Kernel?
A

low level System Software

whose main role is to manage
hardware resources for the user.

Also

Used to Provide an interface

for user-level interaction.

Advantage of Open
Source
Allows

You to Distribute Your

Software, including Source Codes
Freely to anyone who is
interested.

People

can add Features and

Correct errors i.e., R & D Team is
Public.

IPTABLES
Firewall

means to open and close

Ports.
In Linux, Every Port is blocked
and rules has to be defined to
open a port.
To Configure firewall ,IP Tables
are used.
Syntax:- iptables I INPUT 1 s
allowip p protocol dport portno.
j ACCEPT.

V.S.F.T.P
The

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is

the set of programs used for
transferring files between
systems on the Internet.

FTPcan

be used to both upload

(send) or download (receive) files
from other Internet sites.

V.S.F.T.P
FTP

is built on aclient-server
architecture and uses separate
control and data connections
between the client and the
server.

Establishes

two connections b/w

client and server.

V.S.F.T.P
Port

21 is for Control Connection

and Port 20 for data connection.

Control

Connection is maintained
during the entire FTP session
while Data connection is closed
after time file is transferred.

DEMO OF FTP

GRUB
GNU

GRUB is a bootloader (can

also be spelled boot loader)
capable of loading a variety of
free and proprietary operating
systems. GRUB will work well
with Linux, DOS, Windows, or
BSD. GRUB stands
forGRandUnifiedBootloader.

GRUB
GRUB

is dynamically
configurable. This means that the
user can make changes during
the boot time, which include
altering existing boot entries,
adding new, custom entries,
selecting different kernels.

WORKING OF GRUB
When

a computer boots, the

BIOS transfers control to the first
boot device, which can be a hard
disk, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, or
any other BIOS-recognized
device.

WORKING OF GRUB
The

first sector on a hard is called theMaster

Boot Record (MBR). This sector is only 512
bytes long and contains a small piece of code
(446 bytes) called the primary boot loader
and the partition table (64 bytes) describing
the primary and extended partitions.
By default, MBR code looks for the partition
marked as active and once such a partition is
found, it loads its boot sector into memory
and passes control to it.
GRUB replaces the default MBR with its own
code.

DEMO OF GRUB

ACKNOWLDEGEMENT
Exchange of ideas generates the new object to work in a better way
whenever a person is helped and cooperated by others his heart is bound
to pay gratitude to them.

I feel privileged to acknowledge my sincere gratitude to our Project

Guide Mr. Mayank Khare for constant encouragement, guidance,
invaluable direction and meticulous attention during the project work.

My sincere thanks to Mr.Brijesh and Ms.Juhi, Project co-coordinator,

for providing whole-hearted cooperation.

I wish to convey my sincere thanks to Mr. Pankaj Agarwal (Director),

Mrs. Pooja Agarwal (Dean), Mr. Alok Misra (HOD, CS Department),
Faculty Of Engineering and Technology, and all those who directly or
indirectly have contributed their assistance in finishing out this project
successfully.

Regards
ANIRUDH PANDEY

THANK YOU