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EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT

SERIES
EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Military Leadership - Concept & Competencies
LECTURE 1
by

Subhas Chandran
Faculty of Defence & Management Studies
SC Copyright 2012

Let us start by asking ourselves ?


Why have I joined the Armed Forces ?
Why am I still in the Armed Forces ?
Given a choice will I leave ?
How committed am I to the call to serve ?
How strong is my sense of duty ?
The answers will bring out your sense of purpose and your
willingness to make the difference !
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Are Leaders born or are they made?


Answer:

May be born but can definitely be trained!

How does this Learning takes place?


INSTRUCTION Read & listen to thoughts / theories
and experiences (Always Learning)

OBERVERSATION - Role models

PRACTICE Putting theory to practice by leading actual


people.

This course aims to put you on the road to


Leadership Excellence!
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OFFICER DEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCT


THE UPNM MODEL
OFFICER CADET
UPNM BACCALAUREATE
PROGRAM

INTELLECTUAL
EXCELLENCE DOMAIN

Knowledge
mastery &
intellectual
competency
building

LEADERSHIP
EXCELLENCE
DOMAIN

Values Based
Leadership
Develop the ability
use values, norms
and principles of
the MAF
PERSONAL
ATTRIBUTES

analytical & logical


Confidence ; Loyalty
thinking
etc.
professional
competencies
LEADERSHIP
management &
duty ; courage;
problem
vision etc.
HIGHLY
MOTIVATED, FULLY COMPETENT,
solving skills

PROFFESSION OF
ARMS

Developing
expertise
required by the
military
profession
military ethos
basic training
military doctrines

KNOWLEDGEABLE
AND PROFESSIONAL LEADERS

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Leadership development unlike in other sectors is done from


within ! The cost of leadership failure can be catastrophic
lives or resources are often lost !
UPNM cadets required to undergo at least Direct Leadership
training. The conceptual training frame work is as follows:
First Line Direct Leadership - subordinates interact constantly with
leaders at squad, section, platoon or company etc. Commanders guide
organizations through subordinate Officers and NCOs - see how things
work and react immediately when they fail. (DUM program)
Second Line Leadership at organizational level i.e. at higher echelon - to
manage people and materials establish policies and org. climate to help
subordinate commanders to manage. (DFM program)
Third Line Strategic leadership - leaders manage large organizations and
complex relationships between men, materials and infrastructure and the
strategic vision for the organization. (Strategic Management program)

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Leadership is about being able to exercise


influence over his followers by instilling trust and
confidence in executing the mission to defend the
sovereignty and territorial integrity of the
nation.
Leadership concerns military professionals
Professionalism means exercising leadership whether you have
command or not.
Leadership is the function of how personal influence you wield
throughout the Chain of Command
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The Profession of Arms underscores the requirement for all officers


to be military professionals.

Characteristics of Military Professionals


Military Leadership is a career as well as a profession!
Military professionals have a strong alignment to what the MAF
stands for and influence others.
You are part of an organization that society has entrusted to the
defence of the nation.
Equipped with military and leadership skills and willing to constantly
broaden knowledge base.
Committed to uphold MAF core values at all times.
Willing to mentor followers and develop their skills.
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Your mission
to defend this nations sovereignty and
ensure its territorial
integrity is not violated and remains
intact.
if war is inevitable then victory must be
assured.

Your Role
to lead your troopers and units into battle.
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Two Tasks for Unit Leaders:


Leading soldiers and units in battle
Preparing soldiers and units under your
command to face the challenges of battle
VUCA

Volatile, Uncertainty, Complex & Ambiguous

The scope of this programme is designed to assist


commanders to prepare and lead men in battle. Target
audience: Major, Captain, Lieutenant down to Sargent.
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Task, Conditions and Standards


Task:

the

The underlying purpose of leadership in


military is to accomplish the task.
- military duty requires sacrifice and giving up
life for the nation (ultimate

sacrifice).
- orders come down the chain of command
- following orders the right thing to do
- being a team player to accomplish task
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Task, Conditions and Standards


Conditions:
is

The battlefield is a difficult place as there


danger everywhere mines, IEDs,

unexploded

ordinance or booby

traps.
-

leadership by example to get respect of your men


- survive battle field stress - the soldier to be at
peak fitness ( physically &

mentally).
-

battle is a fight between two soldiers success


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depends on your training and

Task, Conditions and Standards


Standards:

confidence in the leaders ability to

build skill, will and teamwork among troops.


-The standard has to be: every soldier be highly trained,
belonging to highly motivated, competent and well trained
outfit that knows where it is headed.
What does it translate to:
- feeling a sense of confidence in your own ability
- confidence in your troops ability
- confidence in the weaponry and other
equipment
- confidence in your own leadership
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Cont

Task, Conditions and Standards


What type of Military Leader ship?
High level of expertise and skill on the job
Knows and understands the task of fellow troopers
Understands needs and has empathy for his troopers
Always keeps them informed about happenings now and in the
future.
Able to organize his troops to optimize capability
Willing to reward outstanding soldering while able to take action
against problem makers
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The Ultimate Standard


The winning mentality:

Victory must be assured.


Leadership - the means to this end
Binds in the unit, skill, teamwork and will.
Leadership should give confidence
Good leadership ensures soldiers fight smart and better.
Determines who wins the ultimate objective
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MISSION: WINNING BATTLES

To Win in the Battlefield


Men & firepower needs to be concentrated at critical places and times
Battlefield needs to be well managed to ensure optimum troops
maneuver and firepower
Soldiers should have the winning mentality and will to fight smart (skill to
kill).

Winning Action at 3 levels:


1.Generals: Concentrate Forces (Corps / Div.) deployment/ support
2.Colonels: Direct the battle (Regiment/Bde.) to fit terrain and situation
3.Captains: Lead troops into battle and fight with skill, teamwork and
will.
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3 Critical Points:
o Leadership differs at different levels
o Leadership skills are being constantly leant and adapted
as leaders go up the ladder.
oCommon principles of leadership will help develop
horizontal and vertical teamwork.

JUST CALL IT ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP!


Organizational Leadership compliments individual leadership
to inculcate the winning mentality
Previously focused on individual leadership, now organizational
leadership is added to it. We need both!
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Fine new weapons are worthless


in the hands of troops who have neither the will
nor the intelligence to use them
Unit Leaders Responsibility:
Ensure trooper maximum performance!
bring together skill, will & teamwork.
Unit Leaders are responsible for the development of the will to
fight and win.

Leading or Managing?
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Manage or Lead in Battle?


You lead men in battle!
You manage systems, machines and budgets!
oLeaders are there in the battle field leading and
sharing the risk of death with the men. Managers
perform important task maintaining support systems.
oLeaders work with people and their feelings!
o Managers work with systems and numbers.
oBoth are equally important
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COMMAND AT ALL LEVELS HAS ELEMENTS


OF LEADING AND MANAGEMENT
GENERALS do more managing than leading
CAPTAINS - do more leading than managing
COMMAND
CAPTAIN

COLONEL

GENERAL

LEADERSHIP
WORK WITH PEOPLE TO ACHIEVE
OBJECTIVES

WORK WITH SYSTEMS

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MANAGEMENT

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LEADER
COMMANDER
Influences people to
accomplish mission
Who are we?
What are we here to
do?
Concerned with
intangibles like vision,
team commitment and
team cohesion,
Uses command
authority sparingly.

MANAGER

Organizes,
coordinates all
activities in line with
rules and procedures
Deals with tangibles
like finance,
manpower,
infrastructure,
logistics etc.
Concerned with
accomplishing group
goals
How and where they
need
to go?
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Is formally vested with


authority by virtue of
rank or assigned
responsibility to plan ,
control, organize or
direct units or
formations
Concerned with the
welfare and wellbeing
of the troops under his
command
Commander needs to
be a good leader,
manager and team
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leader

Officers are managers by the function


performed, a leader by his ability to steer and
influence and a commander by his judicious use
of the authority and influence to rally his troops.
LEADER
COMMANDER

MANAGER

AUTHORITY
INFLUE
NCE
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YES, IT IS IT IS DOWN TO THE SOLDIERS!


You dont select the soldiers they are assigned to you and
there is no choice unlike corporations
Civilian workforce is contract bound but can exit the system
on their choosing turnover problems
Soldiers are younger than men in business
Military commanders have more power over their men than
civilian bosses more responsibility & control (24hrs).
Soldiers have to accept the risk of death to achieve their
battlefield objective
THE SOLDIERS MISSION TO FIGHT AND WIN BATTLES
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Principles of Leadership*
Applicable at all levels
Know yourself and seek self improvement - turn weakness to
strengths.
Be technically and tactically proficient to do job well and
inspire confidence
Seek and take responsibility for your actions be
responsible for bad performance but pass on to your soldiers
the compliments
Make sound, timely decisions for mission accomplishment
Set the example Follow me do as I do & be prepared to do it
yourself.

*
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US Armed Forces
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Cont
Know your soldiers and look out for their welfare empathy understand their hopes and feelings - why they
do things and why they dont.
Keep your soldiers informed build trust and develop
confidence in your leadership
Develop a sense of responsibility in your soldiers - if
they show a level of responsibility and skill then trust them
Ensure the task is understood, supervised and carried out
Train soldiers as a team
Employ your unit according to its capabilities
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Military Leadership:
A process of influencing your soldiers to accomplish the mission by
providing purpose, direction and motivation

Command :
The authority a person in the military service lawfully exercises
over his subordinates by virtue of rank or position.

Leaders Responsibility:
To accomplish the mission and look after the welfare of the soldiers
under your command.
Chain of Command
Hierarchy of commanders in a military organization who have direct
responsibility and authority to accomplish the mission
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Leader Must Be:


o Strong and honorable character - Honesty
o Professional and committed to military ethic - Competent
o Example of good personal values - Inspiring
o Able to resolve conflicts and ethical dilemmas Forward

Looking

Must Know:
oUnderstand Standards
oHimself
oHuman Nature
oHis Job
oHis Unit

Must Do:
oProvide direction, purpose and motivation
* BE, KNOW, DO Leadership The Army Way
Eric Shinseki &
Frances H

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