Ravi Ra

Module 4
E-Government , Systems Architecture,
E-GIF , E-Services and related subjects

Objectives of Module 4
To enhance the knowledge of the CIOs on the
basic concepts, techniques and tools for EGovernment development and deployment
including E-GIF, E-Services and BPR in the
context of the E-Government Programme of
the Government of Iraq

Scope
E-Government & Public Sector Management

Concepts
E-Government Development and Deployment
E-Services
E-Government Systems Architecture
E-Government Interoperability Framework
Business Process Mapping and Re-engineering

Public Sector
Management and
E-Governance

Management Concepts
Planning ( Goal setting etc)
Resource Allocation
Decision Making
Monitoring and Control
Nature of Management Process
Strategic

-------- Policies and

Strategies
Tactical
-------- Operational Plans
Operations --------- Services and Products

Organizational Structure
and Management Processes
Top
Management
Strategic
Management

Organizationa
l
Structure

Middle Managers
Tactical
Management
Staff
Operational
Management
7

Information Vs
Decision Making
Management
Level

Volume of
Aggregatio
Information n Required
required

Frequenc Currenc
y

Top

Low

High

Low

Low

Medium

Medium

Medium

Medium

High

Low

High

High

Management
Middle
Management
Operational
Management

Management Performance
Vs Information Availability

Management
Performance

INFORMATION AVAILABILITY

Public Sector
Management Process
Strategic
Business
Processe
s
Decisi
on
Suppo
rt
Syste
m

Applicatio
ns

Operational
Business
Processes

Management
Information
System

Public
Service
Delivery

Content
Management
System

Content /
Doc.
Repositories
/ Data
warehouses

10

Traditional Bureaucratic
Government
Structure : Pyramidal TOP to
Down

11

Organizational Structure
Enterprise Start Up
Flat Organizations
Flexi-project type
Bureaucratic Pyramidal
Matrix

12

Organizational Culture
Personality of an Organization
Value System
Communication and participation
Degree of Flexibility
Attitude
Ethics and Norms

13

Traditional Government
Agency Structure

14

Traditional Government
Structure :
Characteristic
TOP DOWN
NO or LIMITED LATERAL CONNECTIVITY
LIMITED COLLABORATION
INFORMATION FLOW PREDOMINANTLY

VERTICLE
CUSTOMER HAS NO PLACE: WHY?
RULES BOUND
CULTURE: AUTHORITARIAN

15

Traditional Government
Mandate
ENACTING & IMPLEMENTING LAWS
TAX COLLECTION
SECURITY
LAW AND ORDER MAINTENANCE
NATIONAL DEFENCE

16

Traditional Government
Information Flow

17

Present Day: Government

Mandate
ENACTING & IMPLEMENTING LAWS
TAX COLLECTION
SECURITY
LAW AND ORDER MAINTENANCE
NATIONAL DEFENCE
Poverty Eradication
Social Development
Enhancing balanced Economic Development
Promote Transparency Accountability and Democracy
Better Service to public, efficient and cost effective

18

Customer Centric Vs
Production Centric
A concept taken from commercial world
Production centric suitable in shortage

infested environment
Market Orientation
Customer is the boss in customer centric
so start from there.

19

E-Government
Concepts and Tools

20

E-Government: What it is
not
It is not Computerizing the Existing

Government Processes.
It is not digitizing the files and documents
of the Government.
E-Government = Technology
E-Government = Government
( Change management and
Transformation )

21

Optimal application of
technology for
Governance
Optimality

Governance

Being just
right. Taking
the system to
the point of
optimality at
which the
outcomes are
maximized per

Establishment of
ideal government
that is
Inclusive
Integrated
Citizen Centric
22

Governance System
Target Goal
Optimization
2

Points of Optimality

TECH 2

TECH 1

OUTPUTS

INPUTS

23

 Processes and Systems

People
Technology
Structure

Process

People

Technology

Structure

24

PEOPLE WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT

Attitudes
Work Culture
and Practices
Law Enforcement Agent

SKILLS

Knowledge
workers

25

PEOPLE WITHIN THE SOCIETY

Attitudes
SKILLS
Participation
information
sharing

Life Style
Change
Disconnected
Isolated
Communities

Interconnected knowledge
Society
26

Transformation in
From Bureaucratic Citizen

Government

From Fragmented Centric

Integrated
Oriented
From authoritarian Service

Participatory &
From closed
Democratic
Transparent
Intuition / guess work

Informed
decision
making

27

 Manual Operation Automated

Manual Data storage Electronic

Media for
data storage
Use of computers and other data
manipulation devices for
information management and wide
use of electronic voice and data
communication
28

Developed Countries
Canada
Ireland
Singapore
South Korea
UK
Australia
USA
Denmark
New Zealand
(Indicative List)
29

Where is E-Gov. being

Adopted
Developing Countries ( Middle
Income Countries)
Malaysia
Botswana
Egypt
India
Thailand
Maldives
Brazil
Georgia
Vietnam
( Indicative List)
30

Where is E-Gov. being

Adopted
Developing Countries

Ethiopia
Afghanistan
Iraq
Rwanda
East Timor
Bangladesh
Laos PDR
Bhutan
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Mozambique

( Indicative List)

31

Where is E-Gov. being

Adopted
Developing Countries ( in our
neighborhood)
Azerbaijan
Afghanistan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
UAE
Iran
Bahrain
32

33

Traditional Vs E
Government
Use of Resources
Low

High

Infrastructure
Fragment
Integrated
ed
Cost of Service

High

Low

Speed of Service
Months/D
Hours/Min
ays
ute
ROI
Low

High

Transparency

Low

High

Participation

Low

High
34

Traditional Vs E
Government

35

bal Imperatives for E-Governmen

To be part of the emerging global

knowledge based economy and society.
Make international e-commerce possible.
Interaction with the developing egovernments worldwide.
Accelerate social and Economic
development through globalization

36

Framework for Development &

Deployment

Communication & ICT

Infrastructure / Security

Training and Skill Development

37

E-Services
Government to Government G2G
Government to Business G2B
Government to Citizen G2C

38

 Automated Government Processes

Electronic Exchange of documents and EDMS/ CONTENT management./
Knowledge Management

Collaboration :chatting and emailing and video and voice conferencing.

B-Process and work flow integration
Information sharing and integration-EII
Electronic information searching across the enterprise.
Government Payroll and Personnel Management online
Government HRM and Development including Training.
Government Financial Management
Government Strategic Planning and Operational Decision .MIS and DSS.
39

 Improved Public Health Administration

Better monitoring and management of public
health
through an integrated national Health
Information
System.
Better control of and monitoring of epidemics
and
spread of disease (HIV, Malaria, Swine Flue)
Public Health Information dissemination quickly
and fast
training of Health Workers on line
Telemedicine
and e-health service through linking
One of the priority areas-National Dev Plan of Iraq 2010-1014
of
40
lower level health centers with higher level

Gov. Information available on line at the government web

sites
Government Forms available on line for easy downloading
Registration of birth and death on line
Land records management and information
Drivers Licensing application on line
Business Registration and trade licensing on line
Application for Customs clearance on line.
Application for Passport on line
Application admission to government education
institutions on line
Information broadcasting electronically and disaster
management.
Electronic government payments
Citizen grievance registration and follow up
Delivery of critical information to specialized citizen groups
Delivery of extension and training services
41

Automated Financial management and Accounting

Systems.

Automated Auditing Systems

E-Procurement
E-Recruitment.
E-Inventory and materials management.
Automated HR and Payroll system
Citizen and Business E-Services
42

Delivery of formal and information education on line

Delivery of life long learning through career courses
online
Delivery of Basic Education to remote areas though
virtual schools.
Public Education and National HR management based
on sound skill and education and HR information.
Better management of public schools and educational
institutions.
Education of the priority areas-National Dev Plan of Iraq 2010-1014

43

Provision of soil information

Provision of agronomy and agriculture extension
services
Provision of animal husbandry services
Provision of weather information
Provision of Agriculture market information.
Provision of agriculture pricing information.
Provision of sub-soil water resource information.
Rural Credit Management
Agriculture
Development
of Rural
Enterprise
information
one of the priority
areas-National
Dev Plan
of Iraq 2010-1014
44

 Land Information management system

Land use mapping and planning
Forest Information data base and information system
Water and other Natural resource information systems
Dissemination of environment information.
Environment modeling and research support.
Monitoring emissions and air pollutants

45

E-Government
Developments
and Systems
Architecture-Iraq
46

Iraq- E-Government Vision

Iraqharnesses ICT tools to improvebasic services
to all andto promote all-round good governance,
including increased public
participation,bettersocial equity and justice as
well as a generalenhancement of the transparency
and effectiveness of public institutions in order to
build the necessary platform for a competitive,
robust and knowledge-based economy .

47

E-Government Strategic
Goals
Goal 1: Strengthen the interaction between citizens
and the state to enhance participation of civil society
in public affairs and promote social inclusion.
Goal 2: Disseminate and promote the new eGovernance services within the provinces so that all
citizens have access to them on an equal
opportunity standing.
Goal 3: Increase the capabilities and responsiveness
of public institutions through the use of ICTs to
achieve better governance and to enhance
efficiency, transparency and accountability
48

E-Government Strategic
Goals
Goal 4: Contribute to the development of a
favorable environment for sound economic
growth
Goal 5: Foster the development of a knowledge
based society and bridging the digital divide

49

Iraq Government Priorities

Achieve Security and stability
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation
Establish rule of law
Establish Governance Structure & Systems
Social and Economic Development ( Education,
Health, Agriculture)- (National Development Plan
2010-2014)
50

Strategic Focus-EAwareness raising and Communication

Government
Iraq
Human Capacity and Resources
Government Interoperability, Standards and

Applications
Organizational and cultural change
Regulatory framework
Telecommunications infrastructure
Financial Resource Management
Monitoring, Evaluation and Assessments
Connecting services and citizen
Data and information systems
51

Strategic Focus-EGovernment Iraq

52

E-Government -Sectoral
Focus
e-Health,

e-Education,
e-Municipal works and Local

Government
e-Personnel citizens

53

 N- Tier ( Multi Layer)

Web Based ( Internet )
Service Oriented ( SOA)

Enterprise Application Integration

Enterprise Information Integration
Maximum Service Orientation

Optimized
E-SERVICES

54

High Level E-Government

Systems Architecture
FULFILMENT
INTEGRATION
FRAMEWORK

Back end
applications
and Data bases

Customer
Interface

other E Govt. Systems

55

E-Government Architecture
Model
Agenc
y-1
Agenc
y-6

Agenc
y-2

EGovt.
Hub

Agenc
Informati
on y-6

Agenc
y-5

Agenc
y-3

Agenc
y-4

56

Project Management at the

Provincial Level- Systems
Architecture

57

Systems Architecture- EProcurement

58

E-Government Interoperability
Framework (e GIF)

59

Iraq e-GIF: Definition

e-Governance interoperability, in its broad

sense, is the ability of constituencies to work

together. At a technical level, it is the ability of
two or more government information and
communications technology (ICT) systems or
components to exchange information and to
use the information that has been exchanged
to improve governance.

60

Scope of e-GIF
Framework
Policies and guidelines
Technical Standards
Implementation and management guidelines
How is it different from National
Standards and National Government
Standards?

61

E-GIF ARCHITECTURE
E-GIF
e-GIF
Policies
&
Guidelin
es

e-GIF
Technica
l
Standar
ds
Governme
nt
Meta Data
Standard

e-GIF
Implementation
Management &
Compliance

Controlled Subject
Vocabulary English,
Dari & Pashtu

Data
Exchan
ge

Business
and
Applicati
on

Access
and
Presentat
ion

Networ
k
Standar
ds

Web
Services
Appl.
Integratio
ns

Informati
on
Security
62

Applicability of eFederal Government Ministries and Departments

GIF

The office of the President and all its Departments .

All provincial Government Ministries and all their
subordinate offices and departments.
All offices of the Provincial Governors and its
subordinate offices
All government operated autonomous institutions.
All local government entities and organs
All privately owned businesses and private entities
that act as subcontractors for the government must
follow e-GIF in their upside links with the government
owned systems.
63

E-GIF Major
Adoption of Open and Free standards
Policies

Reduction of Risk

Durability
Flexibility and interoperability
Better Vendor Support:
Lower Costs and Better ROI:
International Standards

Internet and world wide web

Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Content and Document Management
Delivery Channels
Users with disabilities
Information Security
Maximize Participation
64

E-GIF Implementation Framework

E-Government Ministerial Committee

Interagency EGovernment
Working Groups

National EGovernment
Advisory Group

Change Management and

Reorganization Group

Government Content Management &

Metadata Group
Government Hardware & Network
Standards Group

Controlled
Vocabulary
Government
Metadata

Government Data Exchange

Standards Group
Government Web Service
Standards Group
Government Information Security
Group
Accessibility and Presentation
Standards Group
Government Business Application
Standards Group

e-Business, eLearning, eGovernment

Geospatial Data, Health, enews

65

e-GIF-High Level
Management
Process
Drafting
Redraftin
g

& Revision
Control
Publish for
Consultation

Review

Acceptance

Formal
Change
Control

Release for
Use

66

E-GIF
What
Compliance
is e-GIF Compliance
Test for Compliance
Timetable to achieve compliance.
E-GIF Compliance Certification
Authorized entities for compliance

certification

67

Business Process Mapping

and Re-engineering

68

Business Process
Concepts
INPUTS

Business
Processes
Activities and
Actions

OUTPUTS

69

Business Process
Mapping

70

Business Process
Mapping

Four Major Steps of Process Mapping

Process identification .
Information gathering
Interviewing and mapping
Analysis

71

BPR Vs Process
Improvement
Process Improvement (TQM) versus Process Innovation (BPR)
Description

Improvement

Innovation

Level of Change

Incremental

Radical

Starting Point

Existing Processes

Clean Slate

Frequency of Change

One time / Continuous

One Time

Time Required

Short

Long

Participation

Bottom Up

Top Down

Typical Scope

Narrow ( Within functions)

Broad ( Cross Functional)

Risk

Moderate

High

Primary Enabler

Statistical Control

Information Technology

Type of Change

Cultural

Cultural/ Structural

72

Approach & Methodology for

Develop the Business
Vision and Process
Objectives

BPR is driven by a business vision which implies specific business

objectives such as Cost Reduction, Time Reduction, Output
Quality / improvement,/Learning/Empowerment.

Identify the Processes to Most firms use the High- Impact approach which focuses on the
most important processes or those that conflict most with the
be Redesigned

business vision. Lesser number of firms use the Exhaustive

approach that attempts to identify all the processes within an
organization and then prioritize them in order of redesign urgency .

Understand and Measure

the Existing Processes

For avoiding the repeating of old mistakes and for providing a

baseline for future improvements

Identify IT Levers

Awareness of IT capabilities can and should influence process

design

Design and Build a

Prototype of the New
Process

The actual design should not be viewed as the end of the BPR
process. Rather, it should be viewed as a prototype, with successive
iterations. The metaphor of prototype aligns the BPR approach with
quick delivery of results, and the involvement and satisfaction of
customers.
73

BPR
Methodology

74

New Technologies
To enhance effectiveness and efficiency
of E-Government
Mobile Technologies
Cloud Computing
Convergence of TechnologiesShared Delivery Platform

75