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Barriers to the

adoption of ECDIS
The Hailwood Report

Summary of Key Findings


IHO WEND Meeting April 7th
2005

Background
2nd International ECDIS Conference 2003 Singapore
Operators present want ECDIS and where they lead the rest of the industry
will follow
Regulators identify significant benefits to Marine Safety and Environmental
protection
But --- There are so many operational issues that both groups are disillusioned and
losing interest
How far have we really moved since ECDIS 1 in 1996 ?

Dont give me excuses, give me ENCs !!


So -- MPA and UKHO commissioned survey to identify needs and views of real
customers, operating real ships in a real commercial environment

Question

What are the main operational issues


delaying the adoption of ECDIS
aboard
merchant
ships
?

The Hailwood Report

Capt Paul Hailwood


Master Mariner 20 years at sea
Electronic Charts since 1996
Operator Training at Warsash
Consulting on bridge procedures etc
Assignments for P&O, Carnival, RFA and, most
recently, QM II
Advised MCA on MGN 194 Risk Assessment
and appropriate paper folio with ECDIS

Phase 1 - Seafarers Questionnaire


Phase 2 - Ship-owner Interviews
Asia, Europe and North America
Cruise, Container, Bulker, Tanker

Conclusions

consistent with ECDIS


Conference feedback, user groups etc.

FINDINGS

Sea-farers Questionnaire 1
Who are they ?
What is their employment ?
What

is their experience with electronic


charts?
What is their level of understanding ?

Observations 1
A good cross-section of mariners
Worrying

level of confusion over difference


between ECDIS and ECS
Just over 60% considered they had Good
to Average understanding of e.g. Backup
Arrangements, ENC, SOLAS etc
Less than 50% of RENCs, RCDS etc

Seafarers Questionnaire 2
What do they think of ECDIS ?
Have

they experienced any of the


commonly reported limitations ?
What would be important to them if
navigating using ECDIS?
How highly do they value commonly
mentioned benefits ?
What would they like to see improved?

Observations 2

ECDIS is only rated higher or similar to ECS on


accuracy and completeness but
These are also the aspects which they value
most highly
Many have had bad experience with most other
aspects
Many of the limitations highlighted are
hardware/display related
Many disliked alarm function
Ease of update and good situational awareness
in real time highlighted as key benefits

Quotations

Seafarers were given an opportunity to


state benefits in their own words they
said:-

1.

ECDIS is extremely useful in areas of traffic density


when used with target overlay from ARPA ---
Would do away with the drudgery of manually
correcting a large collection of charts. Monotonous
work is a source of human error. Tendency to such
work whilst on watch instead of keeping proper lookout
would be curbed

2.

Structured Interviews 1
Who are they ?
What type of ships do you operate ?
How many ships do you operate ?
Where do you trade ?
What is your experience with ECDIS ?

Observations 1
A

good cross-section was interviewed


representing key vessel types, regions
and fleet sizes.
There was good first hand experience of
using electronic charting.

Structured Interviews 2
What do they think of ECDIS ?
What

would motivate them to adopt


ECDIS ?
What would discourage them ?
What is their perception of ECDIS ?
Do they understand the regulations ?
What would they like to see improved ?

GENERAL VIEWS OF ENC

Observations 2

Improved situational awareness scores very


highly this group is concerned about safety
They also like the safety implications of easy
updating
They lack confidence that issues will be
addressed and resolved
Potential benefit from better situational
awareness is negated by shortcomings
Concerns over data quality how it is
displayed and presented

Quotations
Owners also made some telling comments they said:1.
2.

3.

4.

I believe there is a 50% improvement in safety due to


situational awareness by using electronic charts.
It is not simply the ability to save one persons time,
what is required is an efficient method that ensures the
quality, accuracy and reliability of the Chart
corrections.
If there was an official system, covering all the trade
routes that could replace paper charts, I would have it
tomorrow.
I can take my sailing boat into most marinas in Europe
using an ENC but not a VLCC from the Persian Gulf to
Japan, why?

Human Factors

Not in original brief but it became apparent that


human factors issues should also be
considered
Meetings with MAIB and Lloyds Register
Highlighted that electronic charts: Should bring significant benefits to safety by reducing reduce
fatigue and workload
Can partly compensate for poor navigational practice.
Should allow more time for visual watch keeping

More attention could have been given to human


factors when developing the ECDIS standard

Report Conclusions
Electronic charting is viewed positively
It

has potential to significantly improve safety and


efficiency
There is much confusion over the regulations
The distinction between ECDIS and ECS is blurred
ECDIS does not rate as highly on quality as it should
Users attach high importance to accuracy and quality
Users see a direct link between operational efficiency
and safety
Global ENC coverage essential
Pricing a concern

Recommendations
International hydrographic community must:Review/improve quality of ENC
Take

the lead in providing clearer guidance on


regulations particularly the distinction between
ECDIS and ECS
Promote Safety through Efficiency
Promote awareness of Human factors fatigue,
overload etc
Clarify pricing, licensing etc

MPA/UKHO conclusion

There is a significant gap between the needs of


the customers and the products and services on
offer from the hydrographic community
No single organisation can address all of these
issues alone it is time to join forces and work
together
The international hydrographic community
cannot afford to ignore the implications of this
report

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