Carefully

&
Properly loaded
Safely navigated

Carefully &
properly
discharged
Well found ship

Cargo is delivered ashore in the same condition as was received on board

Consignor
(Shipper) of
cargo
P & I Club
Protection & Indemnity

Stevedores

(Insurers)
Carrier
Ship owner
(master & officers)

Classification
Societies
Cargo
Surveyors

Stevedores

Consignee
(Receiver) of
cargo

Cargo Claims

Spreader

Gantry
Tier

Cell Guide

Pontoon Hatch

Cell
Bay

http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=43775

Typical Activities
Dogging/un-dogging
hatch lids
Monitor gangway
Monitor mooring lines
Ballasting
Lashing cargo
Unlashing cargo
Plugging/unplugging
reefer leads

131086

130782
130612
130510
130208

130102

http://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.html

http://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.html

Grappler pockets on standard container: these allow handling of the container

using "grapplers" [source: Capt. Winfried Strauch, Hude].

Container cranes (also container handling gantry cranes or

ship-to-shore cranes)

Second generation container ship

Multipurpose container vessel Third generation container ship

Semi-container vessel
Fourth generation container ship

5th Generation container ship

Triple E class with 20,000 TEU

1st Generation

up to

1,000

TEU

2nd Generation

up to

2,000

TEU

3rd Generation

up to

3,000

TEU

4th Generation

more than

3,000

TEU

5th Generation

more than

6,000

TEU

6th Generation

more than

8,000

TEU

Typical Ro/Ro Activities

Monitoring of mooring lines
Monitoring Gangway
Operating ventilation fans
Rigging safety barriers
Opening/closing ramps / hatch
lids
Lowering / raising car flats
Plugging/unplugging reefers
Lashing cargo
Unlashing cargo
Stowing lashings/dunnage

Hazards?

Classes
Explosive

Gases

Flammable Liquid

Flammable Solid

Classes

Oxidizing
substances

Toxic/Infectious subs..

Radioactive materials

Corrosive Subs..

Misc. Dangerous subs..

Mini Bulker 10,000 T Dwt

Handy Sized 10,000-25,000 T Dwt
HandyMax 25,000-50,000 Dwt
Panamax 289.5m x32.3m x 12.04m draft
(50,000-90,000 Dwt)
Capesize 90,000-180,000

Coal
Ore concentrates
Iron ore
Bauxite
Gypsum
Manganese
Sugar
Alumina
Cement
Break Bulk
Grain
Salt
Woodchips

Hold cleaning
Bilge preparation
Hold inspections
Hatch seals
Provision of lighting
Ballast sequence
Monitoring
Gangway
Monitoring mooring
lines

Trimming cargo
Stevedores in holds
Machinery in holds
Damage inspections
Hatch opening
Hatch closing
Sounding of ballast
tanks & void spaces

http://www.hamersleyiron.com/pubs_piclib.asp

http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=8VZL9F61CfM&feature=related

Type LT
Type LTQ

Static spray balls

Dunnage is the name for the materials

used in holds and containers to protect
goods and their packaging from moisture,
contamination and mechanical damage.

Dunnage may include plastic films,

jute coverings, tarpaulins, wood
(wooden dunnage), rice matting,
nonwovens, liner bags or also inlets
etc..
Depending on the use to which it is
put, dunnage may be divided into
floor, lateral, interlayer and top
dunnage.

On general cargo ships, the most

important of these is floor dunnage.
It protects moisture-sensitive
cargoes, such as bagged cargo (e.g.
coffee, cocoa) or bales (e.g.
tobacco, tea) from sweat, which
forms on a ship's sides and runs off
over the decks.

Dunnage
Dunnage for securing cargo in holds of
ships has evolved from wooden boards
forming "cribs" to modern mechanical,
spring loaded post-and-socket systems,
exemplified by the "pogo sticks" used on
US Navy Combat Logistics Force

Dunnage Air Bags. Originally

rubber bags were used to brace
pallets inside trucks. They later
evolved into Kraft Paper bags
with a plastic bag interior.

Dunnage
to protect cargo from contact with
moisture from sweat, leakage from
other cargoes, and bilges
to assist in ventilation
to evenly spread the load of heavy
stows
to provide separation of cargo
to chock off and secure cargo by
filling in broken stowage
should be dry to prevent moisture
damage

Shear forces & bending moments

High loading rates
High cargo density 0.56 cum/t or less
Ballasting issues
Cargo shifting
Cargo liquefying
Chemical hazards of cargoes
Hold damage
Hold accidents
Unsafe hold atmosphere

http://www.ukpandi.com/ukpandi/resource.nsf/Files/Self6/$FILE/Self6.jpg

From 100tph to > 1000tph

Operates in all kinds of weather
Minimum manpower
required for loading and
unloading

p://www.ukpandi.com/ukpandi/resource.nsf/Files/Self7/$FILE/Self7.j

See Noels favourite

http://www.ukpandi.com/ukpandi/resource.nsf/Files/Self5/$FILE/Self5.jpg

Ships gear used correctly?

Be aware of limitations!
Self discharge gear operation
Break out /stow ships cargo
gear

Photos: Shane Hyde

Bulk Grain
Must be kept dry
Hatches closed if rain is likely
Cargo trimming required

Wo-Wo
An open livestock carrier with a cargo of sheep

Animal welfare
Vet care
Hygiene
Fodder
Air quality
Ship motion

Flo-Flo

Knott, J, 2002 Lashing ands securing of Deck Cargoes

Knott, J, 2002 Lashing ands securing of Deck Cargoes

Bliault, C. 2003 Cargo Stowage and Securing

Liquid Cargo in Bulk

Pipes & valves
Connection (manifold)
Pumps (ship & shore)
Emergency shut down
Correct tanks?
Correct separation?
Contamination?
Tank cleaning?
Measuring Cargo?
Prevention of explosions?

Methane
Ethane
Propane
butane

-162 C at
atmospheric
pressure
Fully refrigerated

Fully Refrigerated or
Semi refrigerated (-48
C) or
Fully pressured

Propane
Butane
LPG propylene
Butylene

http://www.youtube.com/watch?
feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=ertXmjtcKGs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Km7I6rOzyo4&feature=endscreen&NR=
1