9.

2e

DYNAMIC CAPACITY of BEARINGS (continue)

fc = a factor which depends on the units used, the geometry of the bearing
components, the accuracy which the various bearing parts are made and the
material used
(values of fc is determined by multiplying the value fc / f in the Table below
as an example) (source: SKF)

d b cos
dm

Factor

fc
f

Single row radial contact, single & double

row angular contact groove ball bearings

Double row radial contact

groove ball bearings

0.05

0.476

0.451

0.176

0.06

0.500

0.474

0.190

0.07

0.521

0.494

0.203

..

0.38

0.510

0.484

0.418

0.40

0.492

0.467

0.412

Where,

Self aligning ball

bearing

f = 10 when kg & mm units are used

f = 24.64x106 when N & m units are used
dm = pitch diameter of the ball set

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 1

vi.b. Rating Life (LR) the magnitude of LR for Radial and

Angular Contact Ball Bearings (except filling slot bearings)
can be determined
by,
3
C
Million revolutions,
LR
Where, C = Basic Load Rating
PEL
P = the Equivalent Load
EL

vi.c. Equivalent Load (PEL) the magnitude of PEL for Radial and
Angular Contact Ball Bearing (except filling slot bearings)
can be determined by,

PEL XVFr YFa

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Where, X = radial factor

Y = thrust factor
Fr = radial load
Fa = thrust load
V = rotation factor

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 2

vi.c. Equivalent Load (PEL) (continue)

AND, the values of X, V & Y can be as below.
The factor V is due to the lack of sufficient
experimental evidence and used as a matter
precaution.
Where,
C0 = the static Basic Load Rating
IF

Fa
e
VFr

for Single Row Bearings

use X = 1 & Y = 0

Table: source: SKF

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 3

Case Study 1:
What is the approximate friction power loss in a single bal bearing having a bore
diameter of 55mm and subjected to a radial load of 22kN? The shaft rotates at
600rev/min.
Solutions:

55 10 3
Db

3
Friction Torque, M f Ff
0.9075 Nm
22 10 0.0015
2
2

Friction Power Loss

2
2

0
.
9075
600

57W
60
60

Mt N

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 4

Case Study 2:
Derive Stribecks Equation for the Static Capacity of a single row radial deep groove
ball bearing, assuming rigid races and equally spaced balls. Also, determine the
maximum load on a ball. Express the result in terms of the diameter db of the balls and
the number of balls (Z).
Solution:
a. The radial load Co is balanced by the vertical
components of the forces acting on the race through
the balls in the lower half of the bearing,
Co

Co F1 2 F2 cos 2 F3 cos 2 .........

F3

F3
F2
F1

F2

b. A second consideration is obtained from deflection

relation. The radial deflection at load F1 is 1, that at
load F2 is 2, etc, whereby,

2 1 cos , 3 1 cos 2 as so on.

c. The relation of deflections & loads is given as below
which is verified by Hertz Stress Equations,
3

F1 1
F1 1 2

F2 3 2 F3 3 2
2
3
Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

as so on.

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 5

Case Study 2: (continue..)

d. The value of Co by substitute (b) & (c) into (a),

Co F1[1 2(cos )

Co

F3

F3
F2
F1

2(cos 2 )

.........]

e. The angle depends upon the no. of balls Z,

therefore,

360 Z

F2

f. From (d), we can rewrite the Radial Load as,

Co F1M , where M [1 2(cos )

2(cos 2 )

.........]

g. From Stribeck Equation, Z/M is a constant quantity regardless the no. of balls..

CO Z CO (5)
F1

ZM
Z

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 6

Case Study 2: (continue..)

h. Also from Stribeck Equation, the load F1 to produce a permanent deformation
between two balls of the same diameter is given by,

F1 KDb

Where, K = proportionality constant

CO (5)
Thus, from
2

KDb

Therefore, the Static Radial Capacity of the bearing is,

KZDb
CO
5

Co

And, the Maximum load on the ball is,

F3

F3
F2
F1

F2

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

F1

5CO
Z

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 7

Case Study 3:
The shaft shown in the Fig. has mounted on
it a spur gear G and a pulley P. Power is
supplied to the pulley by means of a flat
belt; power is taken from the shaft through
the gear. The shaft is supported by two(2)
deep groove bearings. The following
information has been established:

2D

Power = 7.5kW (steady load conditions)

Fig. Proposed Shaft & Bearing Assembly
Speed of shaft = 900rev/min
shaft to be machined from hot rolled steel ( x = 590MN/m2 and y = 380kN/m2)
diameter of the pulley = 250mm
pitch diameter of the gear = 250mm
Weight of the pulley = 120N
Weight of the gear = 120N
Ratio of belt tensions, T1 / T2 = 2.5
The pulley and gear are assembled with light press fits and keyed to the shaft.
the belt forces are perpendicular to the paper with the tight side being T1 & the slack
side being T2.
Ft = Tangential Force (perpendicular to the paper)
The forces,
Fr = Radial Force
Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 8

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Case Study 3: (cont)

Fr=232N

Fr = 637N

You are required to select a proper

single row, deep groove ball
bearings in with the given design
of the shaft in terms of strength,
critical speed and rigidity as well
as with variable stresses..

2D

T2 = 424N

W=120N

T1=1,060N
W = 120N

150

150

150

Vertical Forces (N)

Horizontal Forces (N)
Effective Vertical Forces (N)

Effective Horizontal Forces (N)

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 9

Fr=232N

Fr = 637N

Case Study 3: (cont)

T2 = 424N

G
SOLUTION:
Preliminary Information Specification (i.e Applications & particulars of operation): Lets say Desired Life : 25,000 hours
the Dynamic Effect in gear drives is due to two effects:
1. The vibration is introduced by inaccuracies in the Gear Tooth form (fk)
2. The dynamic effect of the driven machine (fd)
The Gear force can be determined from,

Feff Ff k f d

T1 = 1,060N

Where,
F = theoretical load calculated from the Torque & Geometry
fk = 1.0 ~1.3 (recommended by SKF)
fd = 1.0 ~ 3.0 (recommended by SKF)

Feff F (1.3)(1.5) 1.95 F

The flat belt drives a factor fk to take care both the dynamic effect and the
additional force necessary to maintain the proper tension in the belt varies from
2.5 ~ 3.0. THUS, lets use fk = 2.5 for the belt.
THEREFORE, the effective belt force = 2.5 x F
Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 10

Case Study 3: (cont)

THEREFORE, the Forces to be used in the calculations are:
Effective Tangential Force on the Gear, Ft = 1.95(637) = 1,242N
Effective Radial Force on the Gear, Fr = 1.95(232) = 452N
Effective belt force, T1 = 2.5(1,060) = 2,650N
Effective belt force, T2 = 2.5(424) = 1,060N
The effective sum of belt tensions, T1 + T2 = 2,650 + 1,060 = 3,710N
(note: the dynamic effect are not considered applied to the weight of the pulley or
gear)
RL 226 2 1,234 2 1,255 N
The Resultant Radial Load on the Left bearing,
The Resultant Radial Load on the Right bearing,

RR 466 2 6,186 2 6,204 N

Revolutions Ln required for 90% of the bearings = (25,000)(60)(900)

=1,350x106 revolutions

Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 11

Case Study 3: (cont)

Fr=232N

Fr = 637N

You are required to select a proper

single row, deep groove ball
bearings in with the given design of
the shaft in terms of strength,
critical speed and rigidity as well as
with variable stresses..

2D

Horizontal Forces (N)

Effective Vertical Forces (N)
(RLV=226)

T2 = 424N

W=120N

T1=1,060N
W = 120N
150

150

Vertical Forces (N)

150

352N

120N

637N

1,484N

472N

120N

1,242N

(RRV=466)

3,710N

Effective Horizontal Forces (N)

(RLH=1,234)
Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

(RRH=6,186)
Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 12

Case Study 3: (cont)

Specific dynamic capacity (C) required for each bearing is,

Left bearing

Right bearing

LR
PEL

LR
PEL

Where,

PEL = RL, then 1,350 = (C/1,255)3

thus, Cleft = 13,870N

Where,

PEL = RR, then 1,350 = (C/6,204)3

thus, Cright = 68,570N

THEREFORE, the minimum sizes of a Single row deep groove bearing which
have a basic dynamic capacity (C) closest to 13,870N (source: SKF)
Bearing

Basic Dynamic
Capacity (C) N

Min. Shaft
shoulder (mm)

Inner Race Max.

(mm)

Bore (mm)

Outside
(mm)

6403

17,600

23.5

32.4

17

62

6305

17,300

31.5

36.6

25

62

6206

15,000

35.0

40.3

30

62

6207

19,600

41.5

46.9

35

72

Since the Diameter (D), based on the deflections, is 32.9mmbearing 6305 is the
best choice for the left bearing.
Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 13

Case Study 3: (cont)

A similar analysis for the right bearing,, with the shaft diameter 2D = 65.8mm and
the min. specific dynamic capacity requirement is 68,750N. The most suitable
bearing for the right bearing is 6411 base on the Table below (source: SKF)
Bearing

Basic Dynamic
Capacity (C) N

Min. Shaft
shoulder (mm)

Inner Race Max.

(mm)

Bore (mm)

Outside
(mm)

6411

76,500

66

81.5

55

140

6412

83,000

71

88.1

60

150

6313

71,000

76

88.3

65

140

END
(.....continues in LECTURE 11)
Copyright 2007 by Prof. Madya Ir. Muhidin/FK/UNISEL

Machines Design/Lecture 10/ Page 14