Академический Документы
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Modernity
Modernization: The process of social change initiated by
industrialization. The key dimensions are:
Decline of small, traditional communities: Cars, TV, and
high-tech communications puts small towns in touch with
the world
Expansion of personal choice: An unending series of
options referred to as individualization
Increasing social diversity: Modernization promotes a more
rational, scientific world-view
Future orientation and growing awareness of time
2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Ferdinand Tnnies:
The Loss of Community
With
Emile Durkheim:
The Division of Labour
Specialized economic activity moves from
Mechanical solidarity refers to a time when society was
held together by social bonds anchored in common moral
sentiments
Organic solidarity refers to modernity during which time
social bonding is accomplished by way of mutual
dependence
Critical evaluation: Societys norms and values are strong
enough to avoid anomie for most people, and people value
the personal freedom of modern society despite the risks.
Structural-Functional Analysis
Theory of mass society, where industry and
bureaucracy have eroded traditional social ties
Modern life is on a mass scale leading to the dehumanizing of everyone.
Ever-expanding states doom traditional values and
social patterns.
Critical evaluation: theory romanticizes the past and
ignores plight of women and minorities
2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Social-Conflict Analysis
Theory of class society, a capitalist society with
pronounced social stratification
Capitalism promotes self-centredness
Persistent inequality and the state cannot combat
problems because it is controlled by capitalists
Critical evaluation: theory overlooks the increasing
prosperity of modern societies; human rights have
improved; and most Canadians favour unequal
rewards for talent and effort.
2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Class Society:
Problems of Powerlessness
Persistent
Global
Postmodernity
Patterns of post-industrial societies
In important ways, modernity has failed: Much
poverty and and lack of financial security
The bright light of progress is fading: Less
confidence about future
Science no longer holds the answers: Science has
created its share of problems.
(Contd)
2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Postmodernity (Contd)
Cultural
Looking Ahead
Finding meaning
Resolving conflicts among nations
Eradicating poverty
Controlling population
Treating AIDS
Establishing a sustainable economy