Assignment Presentation -2

WAVELETS AND
APPLICATIONS
Topic: Classification of Power System Faults
using
Wavelet Transform

by
Sevandhi P
(14MR10)
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Outline

Introduction
Need for Fault Analysis
Objective
Fault Classification
Fourier to Wavelet Analysis
DWT- MRA
Identification of Fault type
Identification of Fault location

Need for Fault Analysis

Fault classification and location is very important in power
system engineering in order to clear fault quickly and
restore
power supply as soon as possible with minimum
interruption.
When faults occur in the power system, they usually
provide
significant changes in the system quantities (current,
power,
power factor, impedance, frequency and power or current
direction).
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Objective
To classify the faults according to the following
parameters:
1) Fault type
2) Fault location

Effects of faults on power

system

Flow of excessive current

Abnormal voltages
Voltage elevation of system neutral
Induce over voltages on neighbouring equipments
Hazards to human, equipment and animals

Fault Classification
There are two main types of faults:
1) symmetric faults
- system remains balance
- these faults are relatively rare, but are the
easiest to
analyze
2) Asymmetric faults:
- system is no longer balanced
- very common, but more difficult to analyze

Types of Faults in Power

System
The most common type of fault on a three phase
system
Single Line-to-Ground (LG) faults
Line-to-Line (LL) faults
Double Line-to-Ground (LLG) faults
3-Phase faults

% of Occurrence
Fault

% of Occurrence

LG

70-80

LLG

10-17

LL

8-10

3-Phase

2-3

Fourier Analysis to Wavelet

Analysis
FT:
breaks down a signal into the sum of infinite
series of sines
and cosines of different frequencies
Disadv: Time information is lost

STFT:
Under a fixed time window both t and f are
examined
Disadv: time window is fixed and same for all f
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Wavelet Transform for Power

system Analysis
It applies windowing technique with variable
sized regions
Used in Power quality analysis and Power system
protection

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DWT- MRA

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Wavelet MRA for fault signal

S=ak +dk+dk-1+.+d1

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Power system model Fault

Type

Calculate, Sa, Sb, Sc, Sr, Qa, Qb, Qc and Qr

Sa- sum of Nth level detailed coeff of line current
Ia
Sb- sum of Nth level detailed coeff of line current
Ib
Sc- sum of Nth level detailed coeff of line current
Ic
Sr- sum of Sa,Sb,Sc
Qa- sum of Absolute values of Nth level detailed
coeff of line current Ia
Qb- sum of Absolute values of Nth level detailed
coeff of line current Ib

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Flowchart for Fault classification Algorithm

start
Calculate Q for normal conditions for
all phases Qna,Qnb and Qnc
Compute Qa,Qb,Qc for present
condition
Is any
(Qa/2Qna)>2 or
(Qb/2Qnb)>2 or
(Qc/2Qnc)>2 ?
Is only one from
(Qa/2Qna)>2 or
(Qb/2Qnb)>2 or
(Qc/2Qnc)>2 ?
LLG
fault

NO

Is
0<Qc
<2 ?

YES

LL fault

YES

Are only 2 from

(Qa/2Qna)>2 or
(Qb/2Qnb)>2 or
(Qc/2Qnc)>2 ?

NO

No fault

YE
S

LG fault

N
O

LLL
fault

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Fault Location

Identify the fault location ??

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Output Waveform

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Thank You

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