GESTIN DE

COMPRAS Y
PROVEEDORES

GESTIN DE
INVENTARIOS,
MODELOS
DETERMINSTICOS Y
ESTOCSTICOS

CARLOS A. MARINO DEL ROSARIO

Director Ingeniera Logstica y de Transporte
Coordinador Master Supply Chain Engineering

ABOUT ME
Doctorando en Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University (USA);
Master of Science Industrial Engineering & Operations Research, Mississippi State University (USA),
Master of Science Engineering Management, California State University East Bay (USA);
Master Transportation and Logistics Management Reverse Logistics, American Military University (USA);
Magister en Administracin de Empresas, Universidad del Pacifico (PERU);
Ingeniero Industrial, Universidad de Lima (PERU).
Licenciado como Professional Industrial Engineer (P.E.) en el Estado de California (EE.UU.), ha seguido
especializaciones avanzadas en proyectos en la Universidad de Stanford (EE.UU.) y Total Quality Management
(Japn).
Director de la Carrera de Ingeniera Logstica y de Transporte en la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
Coordinador de la Maestra en Supply Chain Engineering
Profesor de la Maestra UQAM-USIL
Cuenta con ms de 25 aos de experiencia a nivel directivo en la gestin del transporte, operaciones y logstica
para compaas norteamericanas como MFC Project Engineers, ndigo Piping Systems, ambas con operaciones
globales en Asia, Medio Oriente, Latinoamrica, as como en empresas peruanas como la Embotelladora
Latinoamericana S.A. y Nestl Per. Ha sido Gerente General de la RED IDI (Investigacin, Desarrollo e
Innovacin) en Per. Consultor de empresas como PWC, DHL y otras.

Agenda de LA SESIN
Anlisis ABC.
Aplicacin.
Criterios.
Usos.
Anlisis Lote ptimo de Compra.
Caso de Estudio
Conclusiones

Why do we have inventories?

Because the customer usually

isnt sitting at the plant exit!

Queen Elizabeth research station in Antarctica

Process Steps for Mens Nylon Supplex

Parka

Operations and Supply Processes

The integrated value-creation process must

be managed across firms from end to end

DETERMINISTIC EOQ
INVENTORY MODELS

Inventory Costs
1. Holding (or carrying) costs
Costs for storage, handling, insurance, and
so on

2. Setup (or production change) costs

Costs for arranging specific equipment
setups, and so on

3. Ordering costs
Costs of placing an order
4. Shortage costs
Costs of running out

Independent Versus Dependent Demand

Independent demand: the demands for
various items are unrelated to each other
For example, a workstation may produce

many parts that are unrelated but meet some

external demand requirement

Dependent demand: the need for any

one item is a direct result of the need for
some other item
Usually a higher-level item of which it is part

Basic EOQ Model

Demand for the product is constant and
uniform throughout the period
Lead time (time from ordering to receipt) is
constant
Price per unit of product is constant
Inventory holding cost is based on
average inventory
Ordering or setup costs are constant
All demands for the product will be
satisfied

EOQ Assumptions
Known & constant demand
Known & constant lead time
Instantaneous receipt of material
No quantity discounts
Only order (setup) cost & holding cost
No stockouts

Inventory Holding Costs

% of
Category
Inventory Value
Housing (building) cost 6%
Material handling costs 3%
Labor cost 3%
Inventory investment costs 11%
Pilferage, scrap, & obsolescence 3%
Total holding cost 26%

EOQ Model
Annual Cost

Order Quantity

EOQ Model
Annual Cost

Holding Cost

Order Quantity

Why Order Cost Decreases

Cost is spread over more units
Example: You need 1000 microwave ovens
1 Order (Postage $ 0.35)

1000 Orders (Postage $350)

Purchase Order
Description Qty.
Microwave 1000

PurchaseOrder
Order
Purchase
PurchaseOrder
Order
Description
Qty.
Purchase
Description
Qty.
Description
Qty.1
Microwave
Description
Qty.
Microwave 11
Microwave
Microwave
1

Order
quantity

EOQ Model
Annual Cost

Holding Cost
Order (Setup) Cost
Order Quantity

EOQ Model
Annual Cost
Total Cost Curve
Holding Cost
Order (Setup) Cost
Order Quantity

EOQ Model
Annual Cost
Total Cost Curve
Holding Cost
Order (Setup) Cost
Optimal
Order Quantity (Q*)

Order Quantity

How much to order

Economic order
quantity is the amount
that balances the cost
of ordering with the
cost of maintaining
average inventory
Assumes demand and
costs are relatively
stable for the year
Does not consider
impact of joint ordering
of multiple products

Annual Product Costs, Based on Size of the

Order

Economic Order Quantity

2 D S
EOQ
H
D=
S=
C=
I =
H=

Annual demand (units)

Cost per order ($)
Cost per unit ($)
Holding cost (%)
Holding cost ($) = I x C

EOQ Model Equations

D = Demand per year

S = Setup (order) cost per order
H = Holding (carrying) cost

EOQ Example
Youre a buyer for SaveMart.
SaveMart needs 1000 coffee makers per
year. The cost of each coffee maker is $78.
Ordering cost is $100 per order. Carrying
cost is 40% of per unit cost. Lead time is 5
days. SaveMart is open 365 days/yr.
What is the optimal order quantity & ROP?

SaveMart EOQ

2 D S
EOQ
H
D=
S=
C=
I=
H=
H=

1000
$100
$ 78
40%
CxI
$31.20

2 1000 $100
EOQ
$31.20
EOQ = 80 coffeemakers

What if

2 D S
EOQ
H

1.

Interest rates go up ?

2.

Order processing is automated ?

3.

Warehouse costs drop ?

4.

Competitive product is
introduced ?

5.

Product is cost-reduced ?

6.

Lead time gets longer ?

7.

Minimum order quantity

imposed ?

Basic FixedOrder Quantity Model

LeadOrder
time
Place
Receive order
Use inventory

Ejercicio
Ejemplo: Una ferretera vende 20.000 taladros al ao. El
costo anual de mantenimiento de existencias es de $5. El
costo de hacer el pedido y recibir cada despacho es de $500.
Por tanto, el EOQ es:

Caso de Estudio:
Una compaa comercializadora adquiere de un proveedor externo
cajas de chocolates belgas que distribuye en toda la meseta
central del pas. La empresa espera vender aproximadamente
100,000 cajas de estos chocolates durante el ao. La demanda es
relativamente constante durante el ao. El costo asociado a los
pedidos es de 25 por cada uno. La poltica de costo de inventario
que la empresa ha utilizado tradicionalmente es cargar el 20% del
costo de compra como costo anual de conservacin de los
inventarios, para cualquier artculo. El precio que se paga al
proveedor por cada cada caja de chocolates es de 6.25
a) Determine la cantidad ptima de pedido y el costo total.
b) Supngase un tiempo de entrega de dos das, cul ser el
punto de reorden? Utilice un ao de 365 das.

Conclusiones

GESTIN DE
COMPRAS Y
PROVEEDORES

GESTIN DE
INVENTARIOS,
MODELOS
DETERMINSTICOS Y
ESTOCSTICOS

CARLOS A. MARINO DEL ROSARIO

Director Ingeniera Logstica y de Transporte
Coordinador Master Supply Chain Engineering