DEFINITION OF CPR

CardioPulmonar
y Resucitation

Heart disease
Heart disease is the number
one killer in the United States
today, and over 60% of all
victims will die before they
reach the hospital!
The heart lies between the
sternum and the spine.

What are the functions of CPR?

A. As basic life support to maintain a viable (living)

victim for advanced life support. (EMS)

EMS stands for Emergency Medical Service
B. To minimize the occurrence of panic during times of
emergency.
C. For early diagnosis and detection of the symptoms
of heart attack.
Be able to recognize the signs of a heart attack.

The greatest risk of death from heart attack is in

the initial two hours after the onset of the
symptoms
60% of all victims die before they reach the
hospital. (paramedics now stabilize the victim at
the site before transporting.)

What does CPR stand for?

C = Cardio (heart)
P = Pulmonary (lungs)
R = Resuscitation (recover)

Oxygen is the basic requirement for breathing and

every
Living cell in the body
The function of the epiglottis is to guard the entran

What types of situations

might cause a victim to
need CPR?

Heart attack
Electrocution
Drug overdose
Accidents
Stroke
Diabetes

Choking
Poisoning
Smoke
Inhalation
Epilepsy
Suffocation
Drowning

Emergency Situations Requiring

CPR and Emergency First Aid

AlcoholOverdoseAlcoholPoisoning
DrugorMedicineOverdose
ChokingAirwayObstruction
AutoAccident
ElectricalShock
GunShot
Stabbing/KnifeWound
SmokeInhalation
Drowning
Poisoning
HeatExhaustion
OverExposureto
ColdTemperatures

What are the real

symptoms of a heart
attack?

Uncomfortable pressure and squeezing,

usually located in the center of the chest
Pain may spread to shoulders, arms, neck,
and back (usually on the left side)
The pain is not always severe and may
come and go (sharp, stabbing twinges of
pain usually are not signals of heart attack)
Sweating, nausea, shortness of breath,
feeling of weakness
May occur in either sex, even young
adults, and not necessarily during
physical or emotional stress.

How does the heart

work?

The right side of the heart receives

deoxygenated blood from the body
which it then pump to the lungs
(through the pulmonary artery) where
carbon dioxide is exchanged for
oxygen.
The left side of the heart receives the
oxygenated blood from the lungs
(through the pulmonary vein) which it
then pumps through the atrium to the
ventricle; from the ventricle the blood
is pumped through the aorta to the rest
of the body.

How to help a heart attack

victim that is conscious
Help the victim into a
comfortable position
Sitting if he or she is short of breath
Lying down if he or she is light headed

Loosen clothing around neck

and waist.
Call an ambulance. Call 911!
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/heart/troubled.ht
ml

Definitions
Coronary Heart Disease the blood supply
to a part of the heart is blocked; that part of
the heart not receiving oxygen begins to die.
Respiratory Arrest breathing stops
Cardiac Arrest the heart has stopped
Stroke the blood supply to a part of the
brain is blocked; those brain cells not
receiving oxygen begin to die.
Clinical Death means the heart and
breathing have stopped.
Heart attack A sudden severe instance of
abnormal heart function.

Definitions Continued
Brain Death Occurs 4-6 minutes
after clinical death when the cells
of the brain begin to die.
Biological death- all systems cease
to function. Organ systems have
shut down and are no longer
working

General CPR; In
Three Simple Steps:
ABC

1. Airway head tilt, chin lift

2. Breathing look, listen, feel
3. Circulation give chest
compressions

Adult; over 8 years old;

CPR
check for
unresponsiveness and call
A. Check the Victim
for
unresponsiveness.
for
help
Gently shake them and ask Are you all
right, are you okay?
B. If the victim doesnt respond SEND
SOMEONE TO GET HELP. Call 911 and
return to the victim.

Adult CPR
Airway and breathing
C. Use the head tilt, chin lift
method to open airway. Look,
listen and feel for breathing.
D. If the victim is not breathing
normally, pinch the nose and
cover their mouth with yours.
Give 2 full breaths until you
see the chest rise. Each
breath should last about 1
second.
E. With each breath the chest
should lower and rise so you
know that air is getting in.

Adult CPR
F. After giving two breaths,
immediately begin chest
compressions.
G. Use the nipple line (armpit
over) to determine the proper
place to do chest compressions.
H. Push down on the chest 1 1/2
to 2 inches, 30 times right
between the nipples where the
heart lies.(ratio 30:2)
J. Pump at the rate of 100
compressions / 1 minute
K. If you see chest movement, put
the victim in the side position in
case they vomit.

Chest compressions should be performed on the

lower

For each compression it is important to push

down
far enough and to be sure the chest is
completely
released after each compression. This will

Recovery
Position

What is the
Recovery Position?
First Aid procedure to use if
the person is unconscious,
breathing and have a pulse.
It is a safe position to put
them in while you are waiting
for the EMS to arrive
Allows them to breathe easily
and prevents them from
choking on their tongue or
any vomit.

CPR: Children
1 to 8 years of age

A. Check for unresponsiveness

B. If you are alone with the child give 4-5 cycles of
30 compressions before calling 911.
C. Open the airway
D. Check for breathing: look, listen, feel
E. Not breathing: give 2 breaths
F. Perform chest compressions on the nipple line in
the center of the chest.
G. If the child is small, use one hand for
compressions. If the child is larger, use 2 hands.
H. Press the sternum down 1 to 1 .
I. Give 30 compressions to 2 breaths (ratio of 30:2).
J. Pump at the rate of 100 compressions per 1
minute
K. You should perform 5 cycles of 30 compressions
in 2 minutes.

CPR: Infant; 0 to 1 year

check for
unresponsiveness; call for
help
A. Check for
unresponsiveness:
tickle, touch,
pinch the infant
gently.
B. If there is no
response, perform
5 cycles of 30
compressions
before calling 911.

CPR: Infant; open airway

C. A = Open The Airway.
D. Tilt the head back gently, only
far enough so that the infants
mouth is facing the ceiling.
Do not tilt the head too far
back! This may injure the
neck, and collapse the airway.

CPR: INFANT; check

breathing

E. B = breathing: Look, listen, and

feel for air.
F. If the infant is NOT breathing give
2 small gentle puffs of air.
G. Cover both the baby's mouth AND
nose with your mouth.
H. You should see the baby's chest
rise with each breath.

CPR: Infants; check

circulation
I. The proper placement for
chest compressions is just
below the nipple line.
J. Position your 3rd and 4th
fingers in the center of the
chest inch below the nipples.
K. Press down to 1.
L. Perform 30 chest
compressions at a ratio of 30:2
(30 compressions for every 2
breaths)
M. At least 100 compressions
should be given within 1
minute.

CPR: Infants
If the infant recovers, put them
in the recovery position by
gently supporting the neck
and picking them up.

Under what special

circumstances can a nonphysician discontinue CPR?

The victim responds.

The rescuer collapses.
A doctor pronounces the victim dead.
Someone with equal or more training
takes over.
With a child/infant stop after 1
minute to call 911 if you alone, and
no one will be coming.

Obstructed airway
(choking)
Partially obstructed airway with good air
exchange: victim can make some sounds; may
be able to speak and cough
Partially obstructed airway with poor
exchange: victim cannot speak, may be
wheezing or coughing weakly
Fully obstructed airway: victim cannot make
any sounds
The most common cause of an airway
obstruction in a conscious person is food or a
foreign object.
The most common cause of an airway
obstruction in an unconscious person is the
tongue.

Adult choking; conscious

The Heimlich maneuver
A. Ask the victim: : Are you choking?
B. If the victim nods yes, ask them Would you
like my help?

If they say NO, do not help them. If they

say yes, you may help them.
C. Position yourself by placing one of your legs
between the legs of your victim. Give 5
abdominal thrusts and continue as needed.

For a pregnant or obese person, perform chest

thrusts.

D. Repeat thrusts until the object is expelled

and the obstruction is relieved OR the victim
becomes unresponsive/unconscious.

CONSCIOUS ADULT CHOKING

Adult choking;
unconscious
A. Call 911.
B. Open the airway.
C. Perform a finger sweep to remove
possible foreign object in mouth.
D. Open the airway and try to get air in.
Give 2 breaths. If air does not go in,
reposition the head and give 2 more breaths.
If air still does not go in, the airway is
obstructed.
F. With the victim lying on the floor, give 5
abdominal thrusts while straddling your
victim.
G. Repeat the steps until victim is no
longer choking or continue the steps of
CPR as needed.

ADULT UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING

You would straddle the victim while

performing any needed CPR and abdominal chest
thrusts.
Do not push down on the Xiphoid process!

Infant choking;
conscious
A. Check for breathing difficulty,
ineffective cough, weak cry.
B. Confirm signs of severe or complete
airway obstruction.
C. Give 5 back blows with your open hand
and 5 chest thrusts, using your 3rd and
4th fingers.
D. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts
until object is expelled OR the victim
becomes unresponsive.

BACKSLAPS
FINGERSWEEP

CHESTTHRUSTS

Infant choking;
unconscious

A. Call 911
B. Open the airway and if you see the object, remove
it
C. Try to give 2 breaths. If the chest does not rise,
re-open the airway and try to give 2 more
breaths.
D. If the air still does not go in they are choking.
Give 5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts and 2 breaths.
Re-open airway and give 2 more breaths.
E. Repeat above steps until breathing is effective.
Perform CPR if needed.
F. If the rescuer is alone and the airway obstruction
is not relieved after 1 minute, call 911.

Treat a conscious or unconscious child (1-8

years old) with an airway obstruction like a
conscious or unconscious adult with an
airway obstruction.

Example of a conscious choking

 When performing CPR, the victim

must be placed on a firm, flat
surface, in the head-tilt, chin-lift
position
The universal sign for choking is two
hands placed at the throat
If you give a victim 2 full breaths and
they dont seem to go in, you should
re-tilt the head (head tilt, chin lift)
and try again. If the air still does not
go in your victim may be choking..

 In a two person rescue situation,

rescuers should rotate between
compressions and breathing
every 2 minutes to avoid fatigue.
Ideally, the rescuers should
switch positions within 5
seconds so the victim is not left
unattended for too long.

Good Samaritan Law

Lawthatprotectsrescuersfromprosecutionorcivil
lawsuits,unlesstheiractionsconstitutewillful
misconductandnegligence.
TheRescuerMUSTcomplywithproper
emergencyfirstaidandCPRguidelines;actingin
goodfaithbybeingprudentandresponsibleintheir
rescueefforts.