VOLCANO

Group Member: 1. Aulia Y.

2. Lintang Amiluhur
3. Maula Akbar
4. M. Andika Putra
5. Vino Chandra
6. Yohanes Agung C.

Lexicogrammatical Features
Simple Present Tense
A volcano is a vent which transfers molten
rock known as magma from depth to the
earths surface.
Passive voice
For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes
caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling
apart

What is Volcano?
A volcano is a vent which transfers
molten rock known as magma from
depth to the earths surface. Magma
erupting from a volcano is called lava
and is the material which builds up the
cone surrounding the vent.

Earth's volcanoes occur because its crust

is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic
plates that float on a hotter, softer layer
in its mantle. Therefore, on Earth,
volcanoes are generally found where
tectonic plates are diverging or
converging. For example, a mid-oceanic
ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
has volcanoes caused by divergent

Type of Volcanoes
Cinder Cone:

These are the simplest type of volcano.

They occur when particles and blobs of lava
are ejected from a volcanic vent. The lava is
blown violently into the air, and the pieces
rain down around the vent. Over time, this
builds up a circular or oval-shaped cone,
with a bowl-shaped crater at the top.

Composite Volcano:
Composite volcanoes, or stratovolcanoes
make up some of the worlds most
memorable mountains: Mount Rainier,
Mount Fuji, and Mount Cotopaxi, for
example. These volcanoes have a conduit
system inside them that channels magma
from deep within the Earth to the surface.
They can have clusters of vents, with lava
breaking through walls, or issuing from
fissures on the sides of the mountain. With
all this material coming out, they can grow
thousands of meters tall.

Shield Volcano:
These are large, broad volcanoes that
look like shields from above hence
the name. The lava that pours out of
shield volcanoes is thin, so it can
travel for great distances down the
shallow slopes of the volcano. These
volcanos build up slowly over time,
with hundreds of eruptions, creating
many layers. Theyre not likely to
explode catastrophically.

Lava Domes:

Volcanic or lava domes are created by small

masses of lava which are too viscous (thick)
to flow very far. Unlike shield volcanoes, with
low-viscosity lava, the magma from volcanic
domes just pile up over and around the vent.
The dome grows by expansion of the lava
within, and the mountain forms from material
spilling off the sides of the growing dome.
Lava domes can explode violently, releasing
a huge amount of hot rock and ash.

How did it happen?

Volcanic eruptions happen when lava
and gas are discharged from a volcanic
vent. The most common consequences
of this are population movements as
large numbers of people are often
forced to flee the moving lava flow.
Volcanic eruptions often cause
temporary food shortages and volcanic
ash landslides called Lahar.

Although the Earths mantle is solid rock,

its under high pressures and temperatures,
and this causes rock to melt and squeeze out
of cracks in the rock. The magma collects
into vast chambers beneath the Earths
crust. Since this magma is less dense than
the surrounding rock, it floats up to the
surface, seeking out cracks and weaknesses
in the rock. When it finally reaches the
surface, we see this as an eruption.

How about the effects?

Volcanic Gases
Water vapor is typically the most abundant volcanic gas,
followed by carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
Acid Rain
This effect, together with increased stratospheric chlorine levels
from chlorofluorocarbon pollution, generates chlorine monoxide
(ClO), which destroys ozone (O3).