Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Analysis of Determinate Trusses
Characteristics
Slender Members
Wooden Struts
Metal
Bars/Angles/Channels

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Analysis of Determinate Trusses
Characteristics
Pinned/Bolted
Welded Joint
Connections
Gusset Plates

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Analysis of Determinate Trusses
Loads at Joints
Members in
Tension/Compression

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Roof Trusses - Terminology
Supports
Wood/Steel/RC Columns
Masonry Walls

Bent:
Roof Truss and
Supporting Columns
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Roof Trusses - Selection

Short Spans (<60 ft)

Requiring Overhead Clearance

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Assumptions for Design
Members are joined together by smooth pins
Center lines of joining members are concurrent at a point
In reality some rigidity exists: Secondary stresses

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Assumptions for Design
All loads are applied at joints
Self weight is neglected IF small compared to forces

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Assumptions for Design
Axial Force Members
Tension/Compression
Compression Members Usually Thicker

Tension

Compression

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Method of Sections
Truss in Equilibrium => Each PART in Equilibrium

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Method of Sections
Truss in Equilibrium => Each PART in Equilibrium

Efficient when forces of only a few

members are to be found

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Method of Sections - Procedure
Free Body Diagram

Determine external reactions of entire truss

Decide how to section truss
Hint: Three(3) unknown forces at the most

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Method of Sections Procedure (contd)
Free Body Diagram

Draw FBD of one part

Hint: Choose part with least number of forces

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Method of Sections Procedure (contd)
Free Body Diagram

Establish direction of unknown forces

(a) Assume all forces cause tension in member
Numerical results: (+) tension (-) compression
(a) Guess Direction
Numerical results: (+) Guess is correct
(-) Force in opposite direction

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Method of Sections Procedure (contd)
Equations of Equilibrium

F 0
F 0
M 0
x

Take moments about a

point that lies on the
intersection of the lines of
action of two unknown
forces
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Sample Problem 6.3
SOLUTION:
Take the entire truss as a free body.
Apply the conditions for static equilibrium to solve for the reactions at A and L.
Pass a section through members FH,
GH, and GI and take the right-hand
section as a free body.
Apply the conditions for static
equilibrium to determine the desired
member forces.
Determine the force in members FH,
GH, and GI.

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 - 15

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Sample Problem 6.3
SOLUTION:
Take the entire truss as a free body.
Apply the conditions for static equilibrium to solve for the reactions at A and L.

M A 0 5 m 6 kN 10 m 6 kN 15 m 6 kN
20 m 1 kN 25 m 1 kN 25 m L
L 7.5 kN
Fy 0 20 kN L A
A 12.5 kN

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 - 16

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Sample Problem 6.3
Pass a section through members FH, GH, and GI
and take the right-hand section as a free body.

Apply the conditions for static equilibrium to

determine the desired member forces.

MH 0
7.50 kN 10 m 1 kN 5 m FGI 5.33 m 0
FGI 13.13 kN
FGI 13.13 kN T

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 - 17

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Sample Problem 6.3
tan

FG 8 m

0.5333
GL 15 m
0

28.07

MG
7.5 kN 15 m 1 kN 10 m 1 kN 5 m
FFH cos 8 m 0
FFH 13.82 kN

tan

GI
5m
2
0.9375
HI
8 m
3

FFH 13.82 kN C

43.15

ML 0
1 kN 10 m 1 kN 5 m FGH cos 10 m 0
FGH 1.371 kN
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

FGH 1.371 kN C
6 - 18

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Example 6.5
Determine the force in members GE, GC, and BC of the truss. Indicate
whether the members are in tension or compression.

Copyright
2010
Pearson
Education
2007 The McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc. All
rights reserved.

South Asia

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Solution

Choose section a-a since it cuts through the three members

Draw FBD of the entire truss
Fx 0;
M A 0;
Fy 0;

400 N Ax 0 Ax 400 N
1200 N (8m) 400 N (3m) D y (12m) 0 D y 900 N
Ay 1200 N 900 N 0 Ay 300 N

Copyright
2010
Pearson
Education
2007 The McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc. All
rights reserved.

South Asia

Eighth

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Solution

Draw FBD for the section portion

M G 0;

300 N (4m) 400 N (3m) FBC (3m) 0 FBC 800 N (T )

M C 0;

300 N (8m) FGE (3m) 0 FGE 800 N (C )

Fy 0;

3
300 N FGC 0 FGC 500 N (T )
5

Copyright
2010
Pearson
Education
2007 The McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc. All
rights reserved.

South Asia