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Chapter 5
Lecture 2
Fall 2002
Fall 2002
Fall 2002
Strain Distribution
Strain-Displacement
Relationship
Final Length - Initial Length
Initial Length
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Strain-Displacement
Relationship
x* x
x x lim
x 0
x
u x x u x
lim
x 0
x
du
x
dx
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Strain-Displacement
Equation
du
dx
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Strain-Displacement
Equation
L
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Material Behavior
Assume linear elastic behavior:
x E x
E is a material property
called the modulus of
elasticity or Youngs
modulus.
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Total Elongation
u L u 0
L
x dx
0
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Summary
P x
x x
A x
P x
du
dx EA x
P x
e
dx
EA x
0
L
Axial Force-Deformation
Equation
P
u x u 0
d
EA
0
x
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F x 0 P x P constant
L
P x
P
PL
dx
dx
EA x
EA 0
EA
0
L
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PL
EA
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Flexibility
PL
fP
EA
L
f
flexibility coefficient
EA
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Stiffness
PL
P k
EA
EA
k
stiffness coefficient
L
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Definitions
1. The flexibility coefficient, f, is the
elongation produced when a unit force
is applied to the member. It has
dimensions of Length/Force (L/F )
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Lateral Strain
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Lateral Strain
lat
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dL dL
dL
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Lateral Strain
L 1 lat L
lat L L lat L
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Lateral Strain
0 lat 0
0 lat 0
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D 1 lat D
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Poissons Ratio
lat
Greek letter nu is
the Poisson's Ratio
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Poissons Ratio
Poisson's Ratio is a material property
just as the modulus of elasticity is.
0 0.5
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Lateral Strain
lat
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EA
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Example
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Exampl
e
Stress:
P
16000 N
A .01m 2
203.7 MPa
Strain:
L L 200.60 mm 200 mm
0.003
L
200 mm
Lateral Strain
D D 9.99 mm 10 mm
lat
0.001
D
10 mm
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Exampl
e
203.7 MPa
0.003
lat 0.001
203.7 MPa
E
67.9 GPa
0.003
0.001
lat
0.333
0.003
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Example
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Exampl
e
31
Exampl
e
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10 kip
32
10 kip Psin 0
P 12.5 kip
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P 12.5 kip
L 20 in
12500 lb 20 in
PL
EA
lb
2
12
10
0.4
in
2
in
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0.0521in
34
20 in
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12
16 v 20
2
32v v 40
small deformation approximation
2
v v
2
32v 40
v 0.0651 in
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Example
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38
40 kN
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F
F
PAB 29.28 kN
PAC 20.70 kN
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PAB 29.28 kN
PAC 20.70 kN
AB
PAB L AB
EA
AC
PAC L AC
EA
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0.2m
29280N
o
sin60
.000563m
9 N
200 10 2 6 10 5 m 2
m
0.2m
20700 N
o
sin45
.000487m
9 N
200 10 2 6 10 5 m 2
m
41
sin60 v
o
AB
L
2
cos60 u
o
AB
L
2
AB
AB
2
2vL AB sin60o v 2 2L AB ucos60o u 2 2 ABL AB AB
v sin60o ucos60o AB
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sin45 v
o
AC
L
2
cos45 u
o
AC
L
2
AC
AC
44
AB 0.563mm
AC 0.487 mm
v sin60 ucos60 AB
o
v sin45 ucos45 AC
o
u 0.0250 mm
v 0.6652 mm
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