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Financial audits verify the accuracy of company financial statements and provide independent assurance to investors and other stakeholders. Audits are necessary due to conflicts of interest, the consequences of financial decisions, complexity of statements, and most users being outside the company. Audits benefit companies by providing access to capital, lowering costs, deterring fraud and inefficiency, and improving controls and risk management. However, audits have limitations such as time lags, testing on samples rather than entire populations, reliance on expert systems, and forming judgments in specialized areas. The audit process includes planning, evidence gathering, evaluation, and reporting. The auditor's report communicates the scope, responsibilities, and opinion on whether statements fairly represent the company's financial position and comply
Financial audits verify the accuracy of company financial statements and provide independent assurance to investors and other stakeholders. Audits are necessary due to conflicts of interest, the consequences of financial decisions, complexity of statements, and most users being outside the company. Audits benefit companies by providing access to capital, lowering costs, deterring fraud and inefficiency, and improving controls and risk management. However, audits have limitations such as time lags, testing on samples rather than entire populations, reliance on expert systems, and forming judgments in specialized areas. The audit process includes planning, evidence gathering, evaluation, and reporting. The auditor's report communicates the scope, responsibilities, and opinion on whether statements fairly represent the company's financial position and comply
Financial audits verify the accuracy of company financial statements and provide independent assurance to investors and other stakeholders. Audits are necessary due to conflicts of interest, the consequences of financial decisions, complexity of statements, and most users being outside the company. Audits benefit companies by providing access to capital, lowering costs, deterring fraud and inefficiency, and improving controls and risk management. However, audits have limitations such as time lags, testing on samples rather than entire populations, reliance on expert systems, and forming judgments in specialized areas. The audit process includes planning, evidence gathering, evaluation, and reporting. The auditor's report communicates the scope, responsibilities, and opinion on whether statements fairly represent the company's financial position and comply
Verifiability of Financial Statement Data Verifiable data: Two or more qualified individual reach the same conclusions Need for Financial Statements Audit Conflict of interest Consequences of decisions (economic, social, other) Complexity (financial statements become increasingly complicated) Remoteness (most users are outside the company) Explanatory Theories of Auditing Agency theory (investors entrust their resources to managers, expecting return on capital) Information hypothesis (investors require information to assess risk and return) Insurance hypothesis (shifting liability for litigation to auditors)
Economic Benefits of Audit Access to capital markets Lower cost of capital Deterrent to inefficiency and fraud Control, risk assessment and operational improvements Limitations of a Financial Statements Audit Time lapse (between occurrence of transactions, balance sheet preparation and audit) Audit testing on samples and other selected data Over-reliance on expert systems (computer packages) Forming professional judgments in highly specialized areas (reports on too technical subjects) Report format limitations (reports follow a standard format which may not be sufficient to accommodate specific complexities)
Financial Statements Audit
Duties of Company Auditors Carry out an audit Report to members their opinion whether the financial statements give a true and fair view and comply with applicable reporting framework and regulations Be independent of the company Exercise a reasonable degree of skill and care Statutory duties of auditors Auditors must report in specified format Duty to report on the companys financial statements and send a copy to all members
Financial Statements Audit
Contents of the Auditors Report Introduction (identification of annual accounts being audited) Description of scope and auditing standards followed Clearly state their view on the truth and fairness of the accounts Certify that financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the relevant financial accounting framework and the Companies Act Matters Reported on by exception (whether the auditor has:) Obtained all the necessary information and explanations Adequate accounting records have been kept Returns from branch offices are adequate Financial statements are in agreement with the records and returns The Audit Opinion The report must be qualified (including specific reservations) or unqualified (after taking comments into account)
Financial Statements Audit
The Audit Process Obtain and accept engagement Plan the audit (understand the business and its risks, including those related to internal control) Audit performance and evidence gathering Evaluate results and formulate conclusions Audit reporting The Auditors Report Communication (different users, language and terminology, users level of understanding) Form (title, addressee, introduction, statement of responsibilities of management and the auditor) Scope (sample assessment of evidence, assessment of accounting principles, addressing significant management estimates, evaluation of overall presentation) Opinion (the financial statements have been prepared according to standards & relevant legislation and give adequate disclosure to proper understanding) Date, auditors address and signature
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