CHAPTER 6 ARRAYS

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WHAT IS AN ARRAY

An array is a collection of data storage

locations, each of which holds the same type
of data.
Array allows you to store a list of values and
to easily access members of the list.
An array stores many values in memory using
one name, and individual values are
identified by number.

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DECLARATION OF AN ARRAY

Array size and element type must be

declared. All elements must be the same
type, eg, all int or all char. Write the
element type name, the name of the array
variable, then the size enclosed in square
brackets ("[]"). Ex:
int scores[100]; // 100 ints, scores[0] to
scores[99]
char name[40]; // 40 chars, name[0] to
name[39]
Syntax : type array_name[size]
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ARRAYS AND LOOPS

Loops and arrays go together. This example

sets all array elements to zero.
float height[1000];
...
for (int i=0; i<1000; i++) {
height[i] = 0.0;
}

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EXAMPLE 1
#include <iostream>
Void main ()
{
Int student_mark[5]; //declare an array called
student_mark which holds 5 integer values.
Int I;
For (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
cout<<Student[<<I,,] ;
cin>>student_mark[i]; //user is prompt for a value, and that
value is stored at the current offset which is same as the loop
counter. (0,1,2,3,4)
}
}
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EXAMPLE 2 :

Adding all the elements in an array.

File ExampleArray.docx

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EXAMPLE 3 :

Example3 program is to illustrate why array

is use. Array will readi the values into
memory first before doing any computation
on them. (Input all the data first then
process them all at 1 time)
The example program will printi the input
values last to first.
File Example 3 Array.docx

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ARRAY MEMORY DIAGRAMS

The diagram is one typical
way to represent the memory
used by an array.
Each box represents the
amount of memory needed to
hold one array element.
The actual array variable, a in
this example, is a pointer to
the memory for all of its
elements.

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ARRAY INITIALIZATION

An array can be initialized in the declaration

by writing a comma-separated list of values
enclosed in braces following an equal sign.
int days[12] =
{31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
Altho this looks like an assignment,
assignment statements with arrays are not
allowed, and this syntax is legal only in a
declaration.

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Size can be set from initial value list

If the size is omitted, the compiler uses the
number of values. For example,
// is the same as the statement below:int
days[] =
{31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
Initialization of character arrays
Character arrays can be initialized on the right
by writing a double-quoted string.
char greeting[100] = "Hello"; // Remaining
characters zero.char goodbye[] = "Adios";
//
Array size is 6 (final zero on strings).
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PASSING ARRAY PARAMETERS

When an array is passed as a parameter, only

the memory address of the array is passed
(not all the values). An array as a parameter
is declared similarly to an array as a
variable, but no bounds are specified. The
function doesn't know how much space is
allocated for an array. See the example
below.
Example -- Function to add numbers in an
array. File Example2 Array.docx

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INCLUDE FILES

If you are using the c-string and character

functions, you must have :

#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
or for old compilers
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
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COMMON <CSTRING> FUNCTIONS

Here are a number of useful functions work with

character arrays (C-strings). The types of the parameters
are cs=char[] or char*, c=char/int. Where true appears,
zero is false and non-zero is true.

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OTHER STRING MANIPULATION

Strcpy function Copies the C string pointed by source into the array pointed
by destination, including the terminating null character.
Strcat function Concatenate strings
Appends a copy of the source string to the destination string.
The terminating null character in destination is overwritten
by the first character of source, and a new null-character is
appended at the end of the new string formed by the
concatenation of both in destination.
Strlen function Get string length
Returns the length of str. The length of a C string is
determined by the terminating null-character: A C string is as
long as the amount of characters between the beginning of
the string and the terminating null character.
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EXAMPLE OF STRCMP FUNCTION

Syntax:
int strcmp ( const char * str1, const char * str2 ); <cstring>

Compare two strings

Compares the C string str1 to the C string str2.

This function starts comparing the first character of each
string. If they are equal to each other, it continues with the
following pairs until the characters differ or until a
terminanting null-character is reached.

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RETURN VALUE
Returns an integral value indicating the
relationship between the strings:
A zero value indicates that both strings are
equal.
A value greater than zero indicates that the
first character that does not match has a
greater value in str1 than in str2; And a
value less than zero indicates the opposite.

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EXAMPLE:
OUTPUT:
Guess my favourite fruit?
Orange
Guess my favourite fruit?
Apple

Correct answer!

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THATS ALL WITH

ARRAY

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