DISCUSSION 1.What is speech organization? 2.Why is speech organization important? 3.What patterns/orders of speech organization do you know? Powerpoint Templates
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Watch a video. Remember to take notes on:
- Definition of speech organization - Reasons why speech organization is important - Methods of speech organization (Speech organizational patterns)
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SPEECH ORGANIZATION Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience. Effectively taking the information one wishes to present and arranging it in a logical order Powerpoint Templates
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Main idea The central purpose of your speech
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Main points The major points developed in the body of a speech Smaller chunks of information to break down the main idea How many main points should a speech contain? - Maximum: 5 main points - But most speeches: two to three main points Powerpoint Templates
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Tips for Preparing
Main Points Keep main points separate Try to use the same pattern of wording for main points Balance the amount of time devoted to main points
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WHY IS SPEECH ORGANIZATION IMPORTANT? The speakers credibility: A well-organized speech increased the audiences belief on the speakers (and the speech itself) competence and trustworthiness Audience understanding: enjoyable, easier to understand and remember the speech well The speaker: boost confidence, and improve the ability to deliver a message Powerpoint Templates fluently Page 21
SPEECH ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS
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Chronological Order A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.
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Chronological Order Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how the Great Wall of China was built. Main Points:
I. Building of the Great Wall began
during the Qin dynasty of 221-206 B.C. II. New sections of the Great Wall were added during the Han dynasty of 206 B.C.-220 A.D. III. The Great Wall was completed during the Ming Dynasty of 1368-1644. Powerpoint Templates
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Spatial Order A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.
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Spatial Order Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the structure of a hurricane. Main Points: I. At the center of a hurricane is the calm, cloud-free eye. II. Surrounding the eye is the eyewall, a dense ring of clouds that produces the most intense wind and rainfall. III. Rotating around the eyewall are large bands of clouds and precipitation called spiral rain bands. Powerpoint Templates
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Causal Order A method of speech organization in which the main points show a causeeffect relationship.
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Causal Order Specific Purpose:
To inform my audience about the
possible causes for the collapse of Mayan civilization.
Main Points:
I. Mayan civilization flourished for
over a thousand years until 900 A.D., when it mysteriously began to disintegrate. (EFFECT) II. Scholars have advanced three major explanations for the causes of this disintegration. (CAUSE) Powerpoint Templates
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Problem-Solution Order A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence and seriousness of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem. Powerpoint Templates
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Problem-Solution Order Specific Purpose:
To persuade my audience that
legislation is needed to control the abuses of fraudulent charity fund-raisers.
Main Points:
I. Fraudulent charity fund-raising
has become a widespread national problem.
II. The problem can be solved by a
combination of government initiative and individual awareness. Powerpoint Templates
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Topical Order A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
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Topical Order Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the achievements of Ida Wells-Barnett. Main Points: I. As a teacher, Wells-Barnett spoke out against inferior school facilities for African-American children. II. As a journalist, Wells-Barnett campaigned against lynching. III. As a civic organizer, WellsBarnett helped found the NAACP. Powerpoint Templates
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Connective A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them.
Transition A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another. Powerpoint Templates
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Transitions Now that we have seen how drinking too much is a serious problem for students and their communities, let us look at some causes. So much for the present; what about the future? Powerpoint Templates
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Internal Preview A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.
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Internal Preview In discussing how Asian Americans have been stereotyped in the mass media, well look first at the origins of the problem and second at its continuing impact today.
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Transition Combined with
an Internal Preview (Transition): Now that we have seen how serious the problem of faulty credit reports is, lets look at some solutions. (Internal Preview): I will focus on three solutionsinstituting tighter government regulation of credit bureaus, holding credit bureaus financially responsible for their errors, and giving individuals easier access to their credit reports. Powerpoint Templates
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Internal Summary A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speakers preceding point or points.
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Internal Summary In short, palm reading is an ancient art. Developed in China more than 5,000 years ago, it was practiced in classical Greece and Rome, flourished during the Middle Ages, survived the Industrial Revolution, and remains popular today. Powerpoint Templates
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Signpost A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.
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Signposts The first cause of this problem is inefficient agricultural production. The second cause is recurrent drought in the affected countries. The final cause is mismanagement of available food resources by local leaders.
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Discussion 1. What organization patterns should we use for informative speech? 2. What organization patterns should we use for persuasive speech? Make a list Powerpoint Templates
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ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Chronological order Spatial order Causal order Problem-solution order Topical order Powerpoint Templates
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Objects History or evolution of the object: chronological order Main features of your object: spatial order Subtopics: topical order
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Processes Chronological order
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Events History of an event: Chronological order A combination of angles: features, origins, implications, benefits, future developments, etc.: topical order Powerpoint Templates
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Concepts Main features/aspects of a concept: Topical order
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ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR PERSUASIVE SPEECH Watch a video and take notes
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Question of facts Usually: Topical order
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Persuasive Speech on a Question of Fact Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that an earthquake of 9.0 or above on the Richter scale will hit California in the next ten years. Main Points: I. California is long overdue for a major earthquake. II. Many geological signs indicate that a major earthquake may happen soon. III. Experts agree that a major earthquake could hit California any day. Powerpoint Templates
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Questions of value Almost always: topical order - Establishing the standards for your value judgement - Analysing the standards to the subject of your speech
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Persuasive Speech on a Question of Value Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that capital punishment is morally and legally wrong. Main Points:
I. Capital punishment violates
the biblical commandment Thou shalt not kill.
II. Capital punishment violates
the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
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Questions of policy
Problem-solution order Problem-cause solution order Comparative advantages order Monroes motivated sequence
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Problem-Solution Order Main point I: Documents the existence of a problem. Main point II: Presents a solution to the problem.
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Problem-Solution Order Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the use of antibacterial chemicals in household products is creating health and environmental problems. Main Points: I. The use of antibacterial chemicals in household products is a serious problem. II. Solving these problems requires a combination of and consumer action.
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Problem-Cause-Solution Order Main point I: Documents the existence of a problem. Main point II: Analyzes the causes of the problem. Main point III: Presents a solution to the problem.
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Problem-Cause-Solution Order Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the age for full motor-vehicle driving privileges should be raised to 18. Main Points: I. The number of accidents and death involving teenage drivers is a serious national problem. II. There are four main causes of the problem. III. We can help solve these problems by raising the age driving privileges.
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Comparative Advantages Order
Each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other potential solutions.
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Comparative Advantages Order
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program should put greater priority on unstaffed scientific missions. Main Points:
I. Unstaffed scientific missions
are less costly than staffed space flights.
II. Unstaffed scientific missions
provide more practical benefits than staffed space flights. Powerpoint Templates
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Monroes Motivated Sequence
A five-step sequence designed especially for organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.
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Monroes Motivated Sequence Attention:
Gain the attention of the
audience
Need:
Show the need for change
Satisfaction: Provide a solution to the
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Monroes Motivated Sequence
Visualization:
Intensify desire for the
solution by visualizing its benefits
Action:
Urge the audience to take
action in support of the solution
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HOMEWORK Before Thursday 23/10/2014: finalizing your speech topics (based on your teachers comments) After Thursday 23/10/2014: do research and choose an organizational pattern for your speech. Post the outline of your speech BODIES to the course online. Deadline: 24:00 Sunday 26/10/2014 Powerpoint Templates
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