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TADCO
TADCO
TADCO
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Financial summary
Market overview
SWOT analysis
Portfolio summary
Assumptions
Budget
3
Professor Malcolm McDonald
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Page 3
The marketing
Planning process
Phase 1
Mission statement
Goal setting
Financial summary
Phase 2
Situation review
Market overview
Opportunities
Threats
Strengths
Weaknesses
Issues to be
Addressed
Market structure
Market trends
Key market segments
Gap analysis
(By product)
(By segment)
(Overall)
(By product)
(By segment)
(Overall)
(By product)
(By segment)
(Overall)
Marketing
Objectives
Marketing
Strategies
Phase 4
Resource
Allocation
And monitoring
(By product)
(By segment)
(Overall)
Strategic focus
Product mix
Product development
Product deletion
Market extension
Target customer groups
(4 x 4 ps)
(Positioning/branding)
Product
Price
Promotion
Place
Resource
Requirements
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Marketing planning and marketing theory (structures, frameworks, models etc.)
Copyright, professor Malcolm h.B. McDonald 1987
Competitor analysis
Industry/sector analysis
Risk evaluation
Ratio analysis, valuation studies
Cost of capital
NPV analysis
Project evaluation
Life cycle costing
Issue management
Profitability analysis by
products / segments
Comparative analysis of
competitor products
Experience curves and cost
structures
Assumptions
Financial theory /
Structure
Marketing audit
Market research
Market segmentation studies
Gap analysis
Product life cycle analysis
Diffusion of innovation
Ansoff matrix
Forecasting
Market research
B.C.G. Matrix
Directional policy matrix
Portfolio summary
Phase 3
Strategy
Formulation
Marketing theory
(Structures, frameworks, models)
Porter matrix
Ansoff matrix
Bcg matrix
Directional policy matrix
Gap analysis
Page 4
Profit
t.0
T+1
T+2
Existing
Revenue
New
New
Markets
Existing
T+5
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from productivity
by product for market for existing products from existing markets
from new products in existing markets
from existing products in new markets
from new products in new markets
Plus a few words of commentary
Market Overview/Summary
Market definition
Market map showing volume/revenue flows from supplier through to
end user, with major decision points highlighted
Where appropriate, provide a future market map
Include commentary/conclusions/implications for the company
At major decision points, include key segments
6
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Overview of
marketing map
Analysis
Define
markets/segments
Plan
Effectiveness
Understand value
required
Monitor
value
Evaluate
market/segment
attractiveness
Value
required
Value
delivered
Value
received
How value
delivered/
communicated
Understand
competitor value
positioning
Choose
markets/segmen
ts
Define
objectives
Define
price/value
proposition
Define
marketing
strategies
Deliver value
Deliver product/service
Customer
information
R&D
Inbound
logistics
Exchange
Operation
s
Outbound
logistics
Service
Information
Marketing
Plan(s)
Communicate value
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Estimate
expected results
8
Monitor
marcom
programmes
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10
Type III
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2. CRITICAL SUCCESS
FACTORS
In other words, how do
customers choose?
3. WEIGHTING
(How important
is each of these
CSFs? Score
out of 100)
4. STRENGTHS / WEAKNESSES
ANALYSIS
How would your customers score you and
each of your main competitors out of 10 on
each of the CSFs?
Multiply the score by the weight.
OPPORTUNITIES
5. OPPORTUNITIES / THREATS
What are the few things outside
your direct control that have had,
and will have, an impact on this part
of your business?
You
4
Total 100
THREATS
1
2
3
4
5
13
High
High
Directors
Seminars
Distance
Education/
CMR
In
B ve
ui s t
ld /
Market
Attractiveness
Exec
MBA
Research
C.S.
G.M.Ps
an
Full-Time
MBA
ai
nt
ai
n
C.S.
ag
KEY
Present
position
MANDAS
Low
Low
Forecast
position in
3 years
fo
rC
as
14
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Scoring Criteria
1.
10
250
5
51.250
0
< 50
Score
5
Weighting
15
Ranking
0.75
2.
10%
5.9%
< 5%
10
25
2.5
3.
Competitive Intensity
Low
Medium
High
10
0.6
4.
Industry Profitability
> 15%
10.15%
< 10%
25
2.0
5.
Vulnerability
Low
Medium
High
15
0.9
6.
Cyclicality
Low
Medium
High
2.5
10
Total
0.25
7.0
15
This form illustrates a quantitative approach to evaluating market attractiveness. Each factor is score multiplied by the
percentage weighting and totaled for the overall score. In this example, an overall score of 7 out of 10 places this mark in the
highly attractive category.
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Maintain market
position, manage
for earnings
Manage
for cash
Selective
Opportunistic
development
Market Share
Maintain or increase
dominance
Maintain or slightly
milk for earnings
Maintain selectivitysegment
Invest selectively
in share
Products
Differentiation - line
expansion
Emphasise product
quality
Aggressively prune
Differentiation - line
expansion
Price
Lead - Aggressive
pricing for share
Maintain or raise
Raise
Promotion
Aggressive
marketing
Limit
Maintain selectively
Minimise
Aggressive
marketing
Distribution
Broaden
distribution
Hold wide
distribution pattern
Segment
Gradually withdraw
distribution
Limited coverage
Cost Control
Tight control
Aggressively reduce
fixed & variable
Production
Maximise capacity
utilisation
Increase productivity
e.g. specialisation
Free up capacity
Invest
R&D
Expand - invest
Focus on specific
projects
Invest selectively
None
Invest
Personnel
Upgrade management
in key functional areas
Maintain, reward
efficiency,
tighten organisation
Invest
Investment
Fund growth
Invest selectively
Fund growth
Reduce
Aggressively reduce
Invest
Working Capital
16
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High
Low
High
Invest /
Grow
Selectively
Invest
Low
Maintain/
manage for
sustained
earnings
Manage for
Cash /
Withdraw
Business
Business Strengths
Strengths
- Product Range
- Product Efficacy
- Service Quality (Including distribution)
- Price
- Associated Services (e.g. Technical advice)
- Reputation / Image
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1. O B JE C T IV E
2 . G A P A N A L Y S I S ( P r o d u c t iv it y )
( A ) S ta rt b y p lo ttin g th e s a le s p o s itio n y o u w is h to a c h ie v e a t th e
e n d o f th e p la n n in g p e rio d , p o in t E .
( B ) N e x t p lo t th e f o r e c a s t re v e n u e p o s itio n , p o in t A
A r e th e r e a n y a c tio n s y o u c a n ta k e to c lo s e th e g a p u n d e r th e
f o llo w in g h e a d in g s ? P lo t th e to ta l v a lu e o f th e s e o n th e G a p
A n a ly sis G ra p h o n th e le ft, p o in t B . ( T h e s e r e p re s e n t c a s h a n d
m a rg in fo c u s ). N o w p r o c e e d to 3 b e lo w .
P r o d u c tiv ity (N B : N o t a ll
f a c to r s a r e m u tu a lly e x c lu s iv e )
E (O b je c tiv e )
D (N e w P ro d u c ts /M a rk e ts )
R ev /
V o l.
B e tte r P r o d u c t M ix
(1 )
B e tte r C u s to m e r M ix
(2 )
C ( M a r k e t P e n e tra tio n )
M o re S a le s C a lls
(3 )
B ( P r o d u c tiv ity )
B e tte r S a le s C a lls
(4 )
R evenue
F in a l ly , lis t th e v a lu e o f a n y n e w p r o d u c ts
y o u m ig h t d e v e lo p f o r n e w m a r k e ts u n til
p o in t E is re a c h e d . (S te p s 3 , 4 a n d 5
re p r e s e n t a s a le s g r o w th f o c u s ) .
6. G A P A N A LY S IS
( C a p ita l U t ilis a t io n )
In c re a se P ric e
R e d u c e D is c o u n ts
C h a rg e F o r D e liv e rie s
A ( F o r e c a s t)
T o ta l
t + 0
t + 1
t + 2
t + 3
5. G A P A N A LY S IS
( D iv e r s if ic a tio n )
If n o n e o f th is g iv e s th e r e q u ir e d r e tu r n o n
in v e s tm e n t c o n s id e r c h a n g in g th e a s s e t
b a s e . T h is c o u ld b e
(A ) A c q u is itio n
(B ) J o in t V e n tu r e
(S te p 6 r e p r e s e n ts a c a p ita l u til is a tio n
fo c u s)
( b u d g e t)
3.G A P A N A LY S IS
M a rk e t 1
M a rk e t 2
M a rk e t 3
A N S O F F P R O D U C T /M A R K E T (M A R K E T P E N E T R A
(A ) L is t p r in c ip le p ro d u c ts o n th e h o r iz o n ta l a x is a n d
m a r k e ts o n th e v e r tic a l a x is . I n e a c h s m a lle r s q u a r e w r ite
s a le s a n d a c h ie v a b le s a le s v a lu e d u rin g th e p la n n in g p e r io
T IO N )
p rin c ip le
in c u rre n t
d.
E c t.
M a rk e t 1
M a rk e t 2
M a rk e t 3
E c t.
4.G A P A N A LY S IS
A N S O F F P R O D U C T /M A R K E T M A T R IX (N E W P R O D U C T S /
N EW M A R K ETS)
N e x t, lis t th e v a lu e o f a n y n e w p r o d u c ts y o u m ig h t d e v e lo p w h ic h
y o u m ig h t s e ll to e x istin g m a r k e ts . A lte r n a tiv e ly , o r a s w e ll a s , if
n e c e s s a ry , lis t th e v a lu e o f a n y e x is tin g p ro d u c ts th a t y o u m ig h t s e ll
to n e w m a rk e ts . P lo t th e to ta l v a lu e o f th e s e o n th e G a p A n a ly s is
G r a p h a b o v e , p o in t D . I f th e r e is s till a g a p p ro c e e d to 5 .
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A :\m m 5 \s p e x e r c 1 .c d r
M a rk e t 1 0
M a rk e t 1 1
M a rk e t 1 2
E c t.
18
1.O B JE C T IV E
2 . G A P A N A L Y S I S ( P r o d u c t iv it y )
( A ) S ta r t b y p lo ttin g th e p r o f it p o s itio n y o u w is h to a c h ie v e a t th e
e n d o f th e p la n n in g p e rio d , p o in t E .
( B ) N e x t p lo t th e f o r e c a s t p r o f it p o s itio n , p o in t A
A r e th e r e a n y a c tio n s y o u c a n ta k e to c lo s e th e g a p u n d e r th e
f o llo w in g h e a d in g s ? P l o t t h e to ta l p r o f it v a lu e o f th e s e o n th e G a p
A n a ly s i s G r a p h o n th e le f t, p o in t B . ( T h e s e r e p r e s e n t c a s h a n d
m a rg in fo c u s ). N o w p ro c e e d to 3 b e lo w .
P ro d u c tiv ity (N B : N o t a ll
f a c to r s a r e m u tu a l ly e x c lu s iv e )
E ( O b je c tiv e )
R ev /
V o l.
D (N e w P r o d u c ts /M a r k e ts )
B e tte r P r o d u c t M ix
B e tte r C u s to m e r M ix
C ( M a r k e t P e n e tra tio n )
M o re S a le s C a lls
B ( P r o d u c tiv ity )
B e tte r S a le s C a lls
In c re a s e P ric e
P ro fit
F in a l ly , lis t t h e p r o f it v a lu e o f a n y n e w
p ro d u c ts y o u m ig h t d e v e lo p fo r n e w
m a rk e ts u n til p o in t E is re a c h e d . (S te p s 3 , 4
a n d 5 re p r e s e n t a s a le s g r o w th fo c u s) .
6 . G A P A N A L Y S IS
( C a p ita l U t ili s a t io n )
I f n o n e o f th is g iv e s th e r e q u i r e d r e t u r n o n
in v e s tm e n t c o n s id e r c h a n g in g th e a s s e t
b a s e . T h is c o u ld b e
( A ) A c q u is itio n
(B ) J o in t V e n tu re
( S te p 6 r e p r e s e n ts a c a p i ta l u til is a tio n
fo c u s)
R e d u c e D is c o u n ts
C h a rg e F o r D e liv e rie s
R e d u c e D e b to r D a y s
A ( F o r e c a s t)
5 . G A P A N A L Y S IS
( D iv e r s if ic a t io n )
C o st R e d u c tio n
O th e r s (S p e c if y )
T o ta l
t + 0
t + 1
t + 2
t + 3
( b u d g e t)
3 . G A P A N A L Y S IS
M a rk e t 1
M a rk e t 2
M a rk e t 3
A N SO FF
(A ) L is t
m a rk e ts o
p ro f it a n d
P R O D U C T /M A R K E T (M A R K E T P E N E T R A T IO N )
p r in c i p le p r o d u c ts o n th e h o r iz o n ta l a x is a n d p r in c ip le
n th e v e r tic a l a x is . In e a c h s m a lle r s q u a r e w r ite in c u r re n t
a c h ie v a b le p ro fit v a lu e d u rin g th e p la n n in g p e rio d .
( B ) N e x t, p lo t th e m a r k e t p e n e tr a tio n p o s itio n , p o in t C . T h is p o in t
w ill b e th e a d d itio n o f a ll th e v a lu e s in th e r ig h t h a n d h a lf o f th e
s m a ll b o x e s in th e A n s o ff M a trix . If th e re is a g a p , p ro c e e d to 4
b elo w .
M a rk e t 1
M a rk e t 2
M a rk e t 3
E c t.
E c t.
4 . G A P A N A L Y S IS
A N S O F F P R O D U C T /M A R K E T M A T R I X ( N E W P R O D U C T S /
N EW M A R K ETS)
N e x t, li s t th e v a lu e o f a n y n e w p r o d u c ts y o u m ig h t d e v e lo p w h ic h
y o u m ig h t s e ll to e x i s t in g m a r k e t s . A lte r n a tiv e ly , o r a s w e ll a s , i f
n e c e s s a r y , lis t th e v a lu e o f a n y e x is ti n g p r o d u c t s th a t y o u m ig h t s e ll
to n e w m a r k e ts . P l o t th e to ta l v a l u e o f th e s e o n th e G a p A n a ly s i s
G r a p h a b o v e , p o in t D . I f th e r e i s s t ill a g a p p r o c e e d to 5 .
M a rk e t 1 0
M a rk e t 1 1
M a rk e t 1 2
E c t.
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19
Sales growth
Existing
assets
Cost
reduction
Improve
asset
utilisation
(experience
and
efficiency)
Change
asset base
Increase
price /
reduce
discounts
Improve
product /
sales mix
(margins)
Market
penetration
Increase
usage
Take
competitors
customers
New
segments
Convert
nonusers
Product
development
Existing
markets
New
markets
Growth focus
Investment
Innovation
Diversification
Divestment
Redevelopment of
capital resources
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Market
development
20
High
Price
Sales Revenue
High
Volume
Operations
Financial
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Lower
Costs
Economies
of Scale
Learning
Curve
Gearing
Interest Cover
Working Capital Ratio
Operational Leverage
Low Business
Risk
Low Financial
Risk
High Cash
Flows
Positive
NPV
SCA
21
Done to death
Limited opportunities
22
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Our structure
Customer Satisfaction
Products:
23
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Distribution
Strategy
Channel/Medium
Choice
Mass media
Direct mail
- objectives
- objectives
- message strategy
- strategy
- media strategy
Telephone
Personal
contact
- objectives
- strategy
Place
- objectives
- strategy
Electronic
Other
- objectives
- PR
- strategy
- POS
- etc
24
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Integrated marketing
communications plan
Page 24
ROI (%)
38
27
25
High
20
13
21
14
High
60%
25%
20
-1%
7
Low
Low
40%
Relative Product
Quality
25
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Sales
Revenue
COGS
GM
G&A Exp
Mkting Exp
R&D
Net Profit
NPM %
ROA %
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26
Base
year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
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Base
year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
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Base
year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
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(Efficiency)
Product/
Service
Processes
Customers
Professional
Marketing
(Understanding
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Market Needs)
People
30
(Creativity)
31
Score out of 10
Market structure and segmentation
Is there a clear and unambiguous definition of the market we are
interested in serving?
Is it clearly mapped, showing product/service flows, volumes/values in
total, our shares and critical conclusions for our organisation?
Are the segments clearly described and quantified? These must be
groups of customers with the same or similar needs, not sectors.
Are the real needs of these segments properly quantified with the relative
importance of these needs clearly identified?
Differentiation
Is there a clear and quantified analysis of how well our company satisfies
these needs compared to competitors?
Are the opportunities and threats clearly identified by segment?
32
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Are all the segments classified according to their relative potential for growth
in profits over the next three years and according to our companys relative
competitive position in each?
Are the objectives consistent with their position in the portfolio? (volume,
value, market share, profit)
Are the strategies (including products, services and solutions) consistent with
the objectives?
Are the measurement metrics proposed relevant to the objectives and
strategies?
Are the key issues for action for all departments clearly spelled out as key
issues to be addressed?
Value capture
Do the objectives and strategies add up to the profit goals required by our
company?
Does the budget follow on logically and clearly from all the above,
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or is it merely an add on?
Professor Malcolm McDonald
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Page 33