SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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SAFETY FIRST

SAFETY FIRST

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SAFETY PRECAUTION REFERENCES

AMM Contains general safety precautions advises
Local Safety Regulation to be followed
Refer to certified local safety organization
Chapter ATA 12
12-11-28 General Refuel/Defuel Safety Procedures
12-11-28 Refuel/Defuel Safety Procedures in the hangar
12-34-24 Aircraft Grounding for maintenance operations

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SAFETY PRECAUTION REFERENCES

AMM Contains general safety precautions advises
Local Safety Regulation to be followed
Refer to certified local safety organization
Chapter ATA 12
12-11-28 General Refuel/Defuel Safety Procedures
12-11-28 Refuel/Defuel Safety Procedures in the hangar
12-34-24 Aircraft Grounding for maintenance operations
Chapter ATA 24
24-41-00 De-energize the Aircraft Electrical Circuits

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SAFETY PRECAUTION REFERENCES

AMM Contains general safety precautions advises
Local Safety Regulation to be followed
Refer to certified local safety organization
Chapter ATA 12
12-11-28 General Refuel/Defuel Safety Procedures
12-11-28 Refuel/Defuel Safety Procedures in the hangar
12-34-24 Aircraft Grounding for maintenance operations
Chapter ATA 24
24-41-00 De-energize the Aircraft Electrical Circuits
Chapter ATA 28
28-00-00 Fuel Safety Procedures
28-10-00 Safety Procedures when you do work in a fuel
tank
28-10-00 Access to Fuel Tanks and Work Areas
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FIRE CONDITIONS

IGNITION SOURCE

OXYGEN

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FLAMMABLE MATERIAL

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FIRE PREVENTION

FLAMMABLE MATERIAL

Aircraft fuel tank fully de-fuelled and drained

Cleaned up spilled fuel

Fuel tanks continuously vented with filtered air

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FIRE PREVENTION

OXYGEN

Tank fully filled with fuel (aircraft painting)

Fuel tank inerted with Nitrogen (SFAR 88)

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FIRE PREVENTION

IGNITION SOURCE

Open flame (Matches, cigarette lighters, etc)

Electrical equipment (lights, motors, engine sparks)

Frictional hot spots

Electromagnetic energy (Radio transmissions or radar)

Static electricity

Lightning

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EXPLOSIVE / FLAMMABLE LIMITS

Conditions in the air

L.E.L = Lower Explosive Limit
U.E.L = Upper Explosive Limit

LIMITS OF
FLAMMABILITY

100%

0%

L.E.L

Total volume

U.E.L

Proportion of gas in the air between which the mixture is flammable

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EXPLOSIMETER

Working range
L.E.L = Lower Explosive Limit

LIMITS OF
FLAMMABILITY

100%

0%

0% LEL

Total volume

100% L.E.L

Explosimeter range

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OXYGEN LEVEL

GAS

General

PERCENT
by volume

PARTIAL
pressure (mm Hg)*

Nitrogen

78.08

593.40

Oxygen

20.95

159.20

Argon

00.93

007.10

Carbon Diox

00.03

000.25

Neon

00.0018

1.38 x 10-2

Helium

00.0005

4.00 x 10-3

Krypton

00.0001

8.66 x 10-4

Hydrogen

00.00005

3.80 x 10-4

Xenon

00.0000087

6.60 x 10-5

* Height of Mercury
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OXYGEN LEVEL

Safe conditions

- Oxygen level should always be greater than 19.5% and lower than 23.5%
- If low oxygen level put on air-supplied respirator

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PART PER MILLION (PPM)

The Part Per Million (PPM) is a concentration scale:

100% = 1 000 000 ppm

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PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)

PEL : Permissible Exposure Limit

- PEL legal limit for personal exposure to a hazardous substance without adverse
health effects
- TWA (Time Weighted Average) concentration of contaminants a worker can
breath over an 8-hour period

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COMMUNICATION

- Attendant must maintain communication with personnel inside the tank

- Attendant must watch for any changes which could cause dangerous situation

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SAFETY FIRST
SAFETY PRECAUTION REFERENCES
FIRE CONDITIONS
FIRE PREVENTION
EXPLOSIVE / FLAMMABLE LIMITS
EXPLOSIMETER
OXYGEN LEVEL
PART PER MILLION
PERMISSIBLE EXPLOSURE LEVEL (PEL)
COMMUNICATION

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