CLASSIFICATION

OF
FLUID
MACHINERY

Acknowledgement
We are thankful to our
teacher
Mrs. Anupama Thakur to
give us an opportunity to
make this presentation
by which we get to know

Table of contents:Turbines

Type of Turbines
Examples of Turbines
Blowers
Industrial fans and blowers
Types - Centrifugal & Axial
Pumps
Classifications
Compressors

Classifications

TURBINE

What is a TURBINE???
Aturbine

is a rotary mechanical device

that extractsenergyfrom afluidflow and
converts it into usefulwork.
A turbine is aturbo machinewith at least
one moving part called a rotor assembly,
which is a shaft or drum
withbladesattached.

TYPES OF TURBINES
IMPULSE TURBINE
In an impulse turbine the potential
energy, is first converted into
kinetic energyby discharging water
through a carefully shapednozzle.
The jet, discharged into air, is
directed onto curved buckets fixed
on the periphery of therunnerto
extract the water energy .

REACTION TURBINE
In areaction turbine, forces driving
the rotor are achieved by the
reaction of an accelerating water
flow in the runner while the
pressure drops. The principle can be
observed in a rotary lawn sprinkler
where the emerging jet drives the
rotor in the opposite direction .

EXAMPLES OF TURBINE

PELTON
WHEEL

KAPLAN
TURBINE

BLOWERS

Industrial fans & blowers

aremachineswhoseprimaryfunctionisto
providelargeflowofairorgastovarious
processesofmanyindustries.Abloweris
anothernameforafanthatoperateswhere
theresistancetotheflowisprimarilyonthe
downstreamsideofthefan.

Most industrial fans may be categorized

into one of two general types:
CENTRIFUGAL FAN is
a mechanical device for moving air or
other gases. These fans increase the
speed of air stream with the rotating
impellers. They are constant
displacement devices or constant
volume devices. They are also wellsuited for industrial processes and
air pollution control systems.

 AXIAL FANS
The axial design uses axial
forces to achieve the movement
of the air or gas, spinning a
central hub with blades .The
fluid is moved parallel to the fan
wheel's shaft . The axial fan
wheel is often contained within
a short section of cylindrical
ductwork, to which inlet and
outlet ducting can be
connected.
Axial fan types have fan
wheels with diameters less
than a foot to over 30 feet ,
although axial cooling
tower fan wheels may
exceed 82 feet in diameter.
In general, axial fans are
used for large volume of

PUMPS

PUMP is a device used to move fluids, such as

liquids, gases or slurries. It increases the mechanical
energy of the fluid.
The additional energy can be used to increase Velocity (flow rate)
Pressure
Elevation

sitive Displacement Pum

Positive Displacement pumps apply pressure directly
to the liquid by a reciprocating piston, or by rotating
members.
Uses:
1.can handle shear sensitive liquid.
2.Use for high pressure application
3.Use for variable viscosity applications.
Types:
RECIPROCATING PUMP
ROTARY PUMP

In Reciprocating pumps, the

chamber is a stationary cylinder that
contains a piston or plunger
Diaphragm Pump
PISTON
TypesPUMP

PLUNGER
PUMP

In Rotary pumps, the chamber moves from

inlet to discharge and back to the inlet. A variety
of rotary pumps are available like gear pumps,
lobe pumps, screw pumps.
Most popular: gear pumps
Relatively constant output
TypesSingle Rotor
Multiple Rotor

DYNAMIC PUMPS
These pumps operate by developing a high liquid
velocity and converting the velocity to pressure in a
diffusing
flow passage.

Centrifugal Pumps

This pumps generate high

rotational velocities, then convert
the resulting kinetic energy of the
liquid to pressure energy. It
contains impeller and casing.

Axial Flow Pumps

Axial flow pumps are also called propeller pump. These pumps develop
most of their pressure by lifting action of the vanes on the liquid.
These pumps are often used in wet-pit drainage, low-pressure
irrigation, and storm-water applications. Horizontal axial-flow pumps
are used for pumping large volumes against low pressures and usually
employ siphonic action. When higher pressures are involved, these
pumps can be arranged to operate with siphonic action until the back
pressure places the hydraulic gradient above the pump.

COMPRESSOR

COMPRESSOR is used to increase

the pressure of air from low pressure to
high pressure by using some external
energy.
Compression ratio:It is defined as the
ratio of volume of air
before compression
to the volume of air
after compression.
Compressor
capacity:- It is the
quantity of air

Types of Compressors
Type of
compressor

Positive
displacement

Reciprocating

Rotary

Dynamic

Centrifugal

Axial

Reciprocating Compressors
In a reciprocating
compressor, a volume
of air is drawn into a
cylinder, it is trapped,
and compressed by
piston and then
discharged into the
discharge line. The
cylinder valves
control the flow of air
through the cylinder;
these valves act as

Rotary Air Compressor

Rotary compressors (get their name from the
rotating motion of the transfer element)
compress gases with lobes, screws, and vanes
into smaller volumes.
4 Primary Types of Rotary Compressors:

Rotary Screw
Sliding Vane
Lobe
Centrifugal
Axial flow

Lobe Compressor

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/compre
ssor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/turbi
ne
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pu
mps
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/blow
ers

THANK
YOU