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WELCOME TO THE PRESENTATION ON

CONCEPTUAL TWIN PROJECTS

De silting Vaigai Reservoir and ejecting silt


into River.
Eco restoration of Vaigai River by
reclamation of bed using reservoir silt.
Concept: Er.T.KRISHNASWAMY,
B.E.(Hons), M.Sc.(Engg.), Dip H.E.(Delft),
FIE,
Formerly Chief Engineer, PWD,
Government of Tamilnadu.

Why the desilting Project?


1.
2.
3.
4.

Augmentation of supply in vaigai basin is necessary


There is additional water potential augmentation but
could not accessed / hornesed
Additional storage space is necessary for accessing
Two options :
1. New reservoir
2. Desilting the vaigai reservoir

Comparison of the Options

New site for 800 Mcft : Below Vaigai Dam?


Land Acquisition
Cost
Environment & R.R issues.
Longer time required

APPREHENSIONS OF DESILTING

Whether reservoir should be emptied of water ?


Whether possible to desilt under water ?
Whether water regulation is affected ?
Where to dump the huge quantity of silt ?
Whether economically viable ?
Whether the process/ Technique will affect the
safety of dam ?
Whether a new compensating reservoir ?
Will be Cheaper Alternative ?
The Answers are in the twin projects ?
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VAIGAI DAM

Vaigai Dam

Designed storage capacity 6800 Mcft.


Loss of Storage
- 800 Mcft.

How the projects are framed?

Basic facts
The process
The product quantification
The pricing of the projects

Facts on occurrence movement and


sedimentation
Silt is non floating solid matter.
In Rivers, it moves along with flowing water.
Classification:
Moving silt, Rolling silt and resting silt.
Silt is lifted and kept in suspension by vertical
velocity component of eddies in moving or
in standing water.
Any river has its own potential silt carrying
capacity.
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INFERENCES:
Silt is in dynamic or static form.
Dynamic form can be converted into static
form and vice versa artificially or by
natural phenomenon.
Dynamic Form :
1. Gravity Flow
2. Pressure Flow

Flow Pass in Vaigai Dam

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11

MORNING GLORY SYPHON

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Mechaniqual Transportation

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Process :Principles and techniques

11
2
2

33

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SUSPENDED SILT EJECTION GRAVITY FLOW

FRL

20

SYPHON PIPE

FLOATING PANTOON
RIVER SLUICE
W.L.

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SLUICE FLOW

RIVER FLOW
SILT - CHURNER

SILT DEPOSIT 800 MCFt


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FRL
20
FLOATING PANTOON
MOTOR

RIVER SLUICE

W.L.
SILT PUMP

DELIVERY PIPE FOR


SILT LADEN WATER

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SLUICE FLOW

FLOW PATH

RIVER FLOW
CUTTER - ROTTER

SILT DEPOSIT 800 MCFt


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CAISSON

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Whether normal reservoir operation is


interfered?
Whether the present outlets and water releases can act
as flow paths -- YES
Whether additional flow paths are necessary -OPTIONAL

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OUTLETS AND NORMAL RESERVOIR


OPERATIONS
A. River sluice
Irrigation supply through PMC AND TMC 1500 cusecs- 125 mcft
per day 250 days can be used as flow path with silt trap.
Irrigation supply through river Vaigai for
old ayacut - 1500 cuses 125 mcft per day 20 days
Suitable flow path
Drinking water through river 600 mcft / year
Suitable for flow path.
Chitra festival through river 300 mcft/ year
Suitable for flow path.
_ Flood relese 12000 cusec -125mcft per day 7 days
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Contd..
B. Spill way
Flood release through river 60,000 cusecs / 5000 Mcft
per day
Suitable for flow path.
Assumed 12000 cusecs
125 Mcft per day 7 days.

C. Additional paths contemplated


Syphon pipes over the dam and through the sluices
(gravity flow).
Pumping mains through River sluices (Artificial energy).
Lorry conveyance
dry process.
_ Conveyor Belt (N.L.C.Model)
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Ejected silt Computation


Observed data on Silt Water ratio
Krishna River = 1/68 (by volume)
Cauvery in delta = 1/500
Assumed ratio for primary project
1.For gravity irrigation and flood flow 1/50
2. For gravity Syphon flow 1/30
3. For dreadging and pumped flow 1/5

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Discharge path

Discharge
rate
Cusecs

Days of
operation

Total volume
of water
Mcft

Silt Volume
Mcft

A. Irrigation season for PMC and TMC Ayacut- June to January


1.River Sluice

1200

250

25000

500

2.Pressure pipe
of Dredger

150

250

3125

625

3.Gravity
Syphon

150

100

1250

42

4.Spill way

Nil

B.Irrigation of old Ayacut October-December


1.River Sluice

1500

20

2500

50

2.pressure Pipe

150

20

250

50

3.Gravity
Syphon

150

20

250

4.Spill way

Nil
450

12

450

2.Pressure Pipe 150

12

150

30

C.Drinking Water March-June


1.River Sluice
3.Syphon

Nil

4.Spillway

Nil

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D.CHITRAI FESTIVAL -- MAY


1.River Sluice

450

113

2.Pressure Pipe 150

38

3.Syphon

Nil

4.Spill way

Nil

E.Flood Discharge- October-December


1.River sluice

12000

7000

140

2.pressure pipe

150

88

18

3.Syphon

Nil

4.Spillway

1200

7000

140

TOTAL

1509 + 140

G.SILT REMOVAL BY LORRY CONVERYOR BELT etc March to


June

100

Grand Total 1609 +140

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ABSTRACT ESTIMATE -PRIMARY PROJECT


Sl.
No.

Description

Quantity
Mcft.

Rate
Rs

Amount
Rs

Under water survey below 50


feet contour

L.S.

4 x 10 6

Surveying in Fringes dry


zone above 50 feet contour

L.S.

1 x 10 6

Artificial eddies dredging and


ejecting.

700

1.0 per cft.

700 x 10 6

Excavation
and
transportation (dry, wet and
or saturated silt by lorries.

100

0.75 per cft.

75 x 10 6

Silt traps 3 Nos.

-----

L.S.

20 x 10 6

Total

800 x 10 6

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BENEFITS OF PRIMARY PROJECT


Augmentation of water 2400 Mcft.
Augmentation of Sand for construction.
Loamy silt is used for brick making.
Fine silt is a manure.

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A: Reclamation of River Bed

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Why Reclamation of River bed?


1.
2.

3.

Flood absorbing capacity is lost


Sand Aquifer is lost : No rain harvesting
No ground water recharge
Mal functioning of infiltration wells
Ecology and Environment is affected
Flora and Founa is missing
Beneficiary bacteria are missing

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A: Reclamation
11
2
2

33

28

Whether dumped silt can be transported


to downstream along vaigai river -- YES
Silt carrying power of rivers.
Nile 1270 Mcft annually
Missipi 6750 Mcft annually
Krishna 4220 Mcft annually

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30

31

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How to induce sedimentation?

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FLOOOD BANK

FLOW

FLOOD CARRIER SLUICE

GRADE WALL

RECLAIMED BED

ERODED BED

DESIGN CONCEPT BY
Er.T.KRISHNASAMY B.E(Hons),M.SC(ENGG)
CHIEF ENGINEER,(RTD)PWD,
MADURAI

INDUCED SILT DEPOSIT

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FLOOOD BANK

FLOW

FLOOD CARRIER SLUICE

GRADE WALL

RECLAIMED BED

ERODED BED

DESIGN CONCEPT BY
Er.T.KRISHNASAMY B.E(Hons),M.SC(ENGG)
CHIEF ENGINEER,(RTD)PWD,
MADURAI

INDUCED SILT DEPOSIT

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B.Eco Restoration
Auxillary works
Mitigation of sewage in flux.
Eviction of encroachment
Development of flora and fauna

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ABSTRACT ESTIMATE SECONDARY PROJECT


Sl.
No.

Description

Quantity
Mcft.

Rate
Rs

Amount
Rs

Part A : Reclamation.
Bench mark survey by GPS
GIS

L.S.

L.S.

5 x 10 6

Convert solid anicut to Regulator

L.S.

20 x 10 6

Grade walls

10

10 x 10 6

100 x 10 6

Post assessment survey GPS


GIS.

5 x 10 6
Total for A

5
6
7

130 x 10 6

Part B : Auxiliary works .


Remove Encroachment

L.S.

L.S.

10 x 10 6

Mitigation of sewage

L.S.

L.S.

200 x 10 6

Promoting Flora and foura

L.S.

L.S.

10 x 10 6

Total for B
Grand Total

220 x 10 6
350 x 10 637

BENEFITS SECONDARY PROJECT

Rain harvesting
1575 Mcft.
Ground water recharge
125 Mcft.
Flood harvesting
1000 Mcft.
Comprehensive Eco restoration of RIVER.

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