What is biogas?

A mixture of methane
and carbon dioxide

CH4

CO2

Methane or swamp gas,

produced
Whatnaturally
is this? in
swampy ponds

What is it used for?

Biogas is a fuel used as an
energy source for light, heat
or movement

How is it made?
Biogas is produced by the breakdown of
organic waste by bacteria without oxygen
(anaerobic digestion or fermentation).
Leftover food from houses,
shops, restaurants and
factories

Leftover straw
What
types
of
organic
waste
Cow, sheep and
and crops from
Sewage
could
be
turned
in
biogas?
chicken manure
farming
Leftover meat
and blood from
abattoirs

How is it made?
Biogas is made by fermenting organic waste in a
biogas digester.

Digesters vary from small household

systems

.to large commercial plants of several thousand cubic metres

Holsworthy Biogas Plant, Devon

 It can also be captured from landfill

sites where organic waste has been rotting
under the ground

KEYWORDS
environmental

biogas
electricity
methane
organic waste

greenhouse
gases
Anaerobic
digestion

Electricity generators at Holsworthy

manure
pollution

CREATE A SENTENCE USING THE

KEYWORDS TO COMPARE THE TWO
CASE STUDIES

Katakwas biogas stove

Biodiesel General Definitions

Biodiesel is a domestic,
renewable fuel for diesel
engines derived from fats and
oils such as soybeans and
animal fats.
Biodiesel can be used in any
concentration with petroleumbased diesel fuel in existing
diesel engines with little or no
modification.

Biodiesel is not
raw vegetable
oil!
Biodiesel must be produced by
a chemical process that
removes glycerin from the oil.

Biodiesel blend, n. -- a
blend of biodiesel fuel
meeting ASTM D 6751 with
petroleum-based diesel fuel
designated BXX, where XX
is the volume percent of
biodiesel.

Biodiesel Properties &

Attributes
B100 - Energy content of
#1, 8% less than #2
High Cetane (avg. over 50)
Sulfur free
Cold flow - B2 the same as
#2 petroleum diesel
Energy Balance (3.24 to 1)
Biodegradable and NonToxic

Emissions Reductions with Biodiesel

Blends

Emission Type
B2

B100

B20

Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67%

-20%
-2.2%
Carbon Monoxide
-48%
-12%
-1.3%
Particulate Matter
-47%
-12%
-1.3%
When
considering the combined benefit of all these reductions,
Oxides
of increase
Nitrogen (NO
+ 2%***
X)
the
small
in nitrogen
oxides +10%
(NOx) should not
+0.2%
overshadow
the net environmental gain with biodiesel use in

North Carolina. Biodiesel is a viable part of the overall effort to

improve our air quality.
B. Keith Overcash, PE, NC DE&NR, DAQ

Federal Biodiesel Tax Incentive

American Jobs Creation Act 2004 (Biodiesel Tax Exemption)
Federal Excise Tax Credit
through 12/31/2008
1 per percent of agribiodiesel
blended into diesel fuel
Applies to first-use
vegetable oils and animal
fats
per percent of other
biodiesel
blended into diesel fuel
Credit taken at the blender
level

Combustion engine

chainsaw

Biofuel application in flights

Lawn movers