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DEFINICIN
DEFINICIN
HIPERTENSIN ARTERIAL
SISTMICA
ENFERMEDAD
Controlabl
Multifacto
rial
e
caracterizada por aumento
SOSTENIDO de
Crnica
Presin arterial
Presin arterial sistlica
diastlica (PD)
y/o
(PS) por arriba de 140
igual o mayor a 90
mmHg
mmHg.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
TRASCENDENCIA
TRASCENDENCIA
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
TRASCENDENCIA
TRASCENDENCIA
Cada hora...
mueren 12
personas a
causa de
enfermedades
cardiovasculare
s relacionadas
con HAS
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
EPIDEMIOLOGA
PREVALENCIA:
28.7% NHANES
30.8% ENSANUT
>
>
ENEC (1993) =
ENSA (2000) =
ENSANUT (2006)=
ENSANUT (2012)=
26.6 %
30.7 %
30.8 %
32.6 %
EDAD DE
PRESENTACIN
ENSANUT 2012
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
EPIDEMIOLOGA
ENSANUT 2012
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
EPIDEMIOLOGA
En tan solo 6 aos (entre 2000 y 2006)
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
EPIDEMIOLOGA
ENSANUT 2006
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
EPIDEMIOLOGA
Hay 22.4 millones de mexicanos con hipertensin
solo 5.7 millones estn controlados
ENSANUT 2006
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGA
EPIDEMIOLOGA
ENSANUT 2012
PRESIN
Ley de
LAPLACE YOUNG
NO
T
P
Es lo
mismo
que
TENSIN
ARTERIAL
?
T
PRESIN Y TENSIN SON
VARIABLES DIRECTAMENTE
PROPORCIONALES pero NO
son lo mismo.
Si la PRESIN AUMENTE
entonces LA TENSIN
AUMENTA
Si el RADIO del vaso
AUMENTE entonces LA
TENSIN AUMENTA
RECORDAR LOS
ANEURISMAS
Principio de
PASCAL
MTODOS
Directo
Indirecto
INVASIVO
NO
INVASIVO
Mediante
catter
intravascu
lar
Mediante
un
esfigmomanmetr
o
PALPO
AUSCULTATORIA
Principio
Nmero
de
de
BERNOUL
REYNOLD
LI
S
CLASIFICACIONES
NOM
MENOS
MAS
Utilizado
JNC-VIII
T
P
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbasees/ptens3.html
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
FISOPATOLOGA
FISOPATOLOGA
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edicin Capitulo
FISIOPATOLOGA
FISIOPATOLOGA
PERFUSI
N RENAL
Hgad
o
Ri
n
RENINA
PRESIN
ARTERIAL
Clulas
endoteliale
s
Angiotensingen
o
ANGIOTENSINA
Pulm
n
Angiotensina
ECA
II
PRESIN
ARTERIAL
Resistencia
vascular
Volumen
extracelular
Receptores AT
Msculo liso
vascular
Capa glomerular
GLNDULA SUPRARRENAL
VASOCONSTRICCIN
H20
ALDOSTERONA
Reabsorcin de Na Nefrona
Renina
Angiotensingeno
Angiotensina I
Enzima
convertidora
Angiotensina II
Vasos
Glndulas suprarrenales
Vasoconstriccin
Aumento de Postcarga
Aumento
de Precarga
16
Singh M, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
CLASIFICACIN
CLASIFICACIN
ETIOLOGA
HIPERTENS
IN
ARTERIAL
SISTMICA
ESENCIAL O
PRIMARIA
SECUNDARI
A
90-95%
5-10%
ESTABLE
CRISIS
HIPERTENSI
VA
URGENCIA
HIPERTENSIVA
EMERGENCIA
HIPERTENSIVA
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edicin Capitulo
JNC 4
JNC 5
JNC 6
JNC 7
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
CLASIFICACIN
CLASIFICACIN
CLASIFICACI
N
PAS
(mmHg)
PAD
(mmHg)
NORMAL
< 120
< 80
120-139
80-89
140-159
90-99
> 160
> 100
> 150
> 90
PREHIPERTEN
SIN
HAS ESTADIO
1
HAS ESTADIO
2
HIPERTENSIN
ARTERIAL
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
CLASIFICACIN
CLASIFICACIN
ENFERMEDAD HIPERTENSIVA ASOCIADA
AL EMBARAZO
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edicin Capitulo
HIPERTENSIN
HIPERTENSINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
VALORACIN
VALORACIN
HISTORIA
CLNICA
EXPLORACI
N FISICA
EXMENES
DE
LABORATORI
O
TCNICA
PALPO
AUSCULTATORIA
Principio
Nmero
de
de
BERNOUL
REYNOLD
LI
S
CLASIFICACIONES
NOM
JNC-VIII
PRESIN
PRESINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
PRINCIPIO DE
CONTINUIDAD
NMERO DE
REYNOLDS
PRESIN
PRESINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
CUANTIFICACIN
CUANTIFICACIN
TECNICA DE MEDICION
PRESIN AUSCULTATORIA
RUIDOS DE KOROTKOFF
SE AGRUPAN EN 5 FASES:
ASE 1
SE 2
ASE 3
FASE 4
SE 5
Silencio
Fase 1
PRESION
SISTOLICA
Fase 2
Fase 3
Fase 4
PRESION
DIASTOLICA
Fase 5
RUIDOS DE KOROTKOFF
LA PRESION SISTOLICA
primeros
latidos
consecutivos (Fase 1 de Korotkoff), tanto en
adultos como nios.
por
en algunas
la cesacin de ruidos
RUIDOS DE KOROTKOFF
permitir
DEL AMBIENTE
DEL EXAMINADOR
DEL EXAMINADO
DEL INSTRUMENTO
DE LA TECNICA
MOMENTO 1
MOMENTO 2
PRINCIPIO DE
CONTINUIDAD
MOMENTO 3
MOMENTO 4
NMERO DE
REYNOLDS
Ogedegbe G, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Principles and Techniques of
PRESIN
PRESINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
CUANTIFICACIN
CUANTIFICACIN
Ogedegbe G, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Principles and Techniques of
PRESIN
PRESINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
CUANTIFICACIN
CUANTIFICACIN
Ogedegbe G, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Principles and Techniques of
PRESIN
PRESINARTERIAL
ARTERIAL
CUANTIFICACIN
CUANTIFICACIN
Auscultar Cartidas
Cardiopulmonar
Hipertrofia de
ventrculo izquierdo
Desplazamiento
del choque punta
Tercero y cuarto
ruido
Estertores
crepitantes
Abdominal
Soplos
Diastlicos
continuos
A la derecha o
izquierda lnea
media
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edicin Capitulo
Tratamiento
Tratamiento
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
TRATAMIENTO
TRATAMIENTO
FARMACOLGICO
FARMACOLGICO
ABORDAJE
ABORDAJE
Recomendacio
nes
1
Algoritmo
JNC
8
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#1
#1
INICIO DEL
TRATAMEINTO
En la poblacion general de 60
aos o ms, inicie el tratamiento
farmacologico para reducir la
presion arterial:
con una presion arterial sistolica
(PAS) ______ mmHg, o con una
presion arterial diastolica (PAD)
150 mmHg.
140
100
90
______
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#1
#1
INICIO DEL
TRATAMEINTO
En la poblacion general de 60
aos o ms, inicie el tratamiento
farmacologico para reducir la
presion arterial:
con
150 mmHg
una presion arterial sistolica
mmHg
(PAS) ______ 90
mmH
, o con una
presion arterial diastolica (PAD)
150 mmH140
100
90
______
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#1
#1
META DEL
TRATAMEINTO
En la poblacion general de 60
aos
o
ms,
se
brinda
tratamiento hasta una meta de
PAS menor de ______ mmHg y una
meta de PAD menor de ______
mmHg
150
140
100
90
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#1
#1
META DEL
TRATAMEINTO
En la poblacion general de 60
aos
o
ms,
se
brinda
mmHg
tratamiento 150
hasta
una meta de
PAS menor de90______
mmHgmmHg y una
meta de PAD menor de ______
mmH
150
140
100
90
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#1
#1
Afroamerica
nos
Enfermeadd
cardiovascu
lar
PAS
140
mmH
g
Enfermedad
cerebrovasc
ular
Mltiples
factores de
riesgo CV
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#2
#2
18-29
aos
E
30-59
aos
A
60
aos
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#3
#3
18-29
aos
E
30-59
aos
E
60
aos
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#4
#4
1
18 a 70 aos de
edad con CrCl
60 mL/min/1.73m2
2
Cualquier edad con
albuminuria sin
importar su CrCl
INICIO
PAS 140
mmHg
META
PAS 140
mmHg
INICIO
PAD 90
mmHg
META
PAD 90
mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#4
#4
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#4
#4
Microalbumiruia
4% de la
poblacin sana
30% de los
pacientes
hipertensos
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#4
#4
-: menos de 10
mg/dL
+: 30 mg/dL
++: 100 mg/dL
+++: 300 a 1.000
mg/dL
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#4
#4
Proteinuria
(> 3 g/ 24 horas)
Beneficio en
terminos
de los eventos
renales solamente.
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#5
#5
HAS + DM
PAS 130 mmHg
INICIO
PAS 140
mmHg
META
PAS 140
mmHg
INICIO
PAD 90
mmHg
META
PAD 90
mmHg
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#6
#6
Si se excluye a los afroamericanos, en la poblacion general,
incluyendo a los diabeticos, el tratamiento inicial debe incluir
uno de los siguientes frmacos:
Inhibidor de la enzima
convertidora de
angiotensina
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#6
#6
Las 4 clases de frmacos recomendados tienen efectos comparables
sobre la mortalidad global y los eventos cardiovasculares,
cerebrovasculares y renales
Tiazid
as
EFECTIVIDAD
IEC
A
BCC
MEJORA EN
FALLA
CARDIACA
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#6
#6
NO se recomiendan como frmacos de primeral lnea
Beta
bloqueadores
Alfa
antagonistas
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#6
#6
NO se recomiendan como frmacos de primeral lnea
Diurticos de asa
Furosemida
Antagonistas del receptor de
aldosterona
Espironolactona
Bloqueadores adrenrgicos duales
Carvedilol
Agonistas adrenergicos centrales
-2
Clonidina
Vasodilatadores directos
Hidralazina
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#7
#7
En la poblacion de pacientes
afroamericanos el tratamiento
antihipertensivo inicial debe incluir un
bloqueador de los canales de calcio
o
diuretico tipo tiazida
SIN diabetes
CON diabetes
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#7
#7
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#8
#8
En la poblacin de 18 anos o
mas con enfermedad renal
crnica e hipertensin, el
tratamiento
antihipertensivo
inicial (o agregado) debe
incluir un IECA o un ARA
para mejorar los eventos
renales.
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION
RECOMENDACION#9
#9
El principal objetivo del tratamiento es
alcanzar y mantener la presion
arterial meta.
Si esta no se alcanza en un mes de
tratamiento, aumente la dosis de la
droga inicial o agregue una segunda
droga de las clases mencionadas en la
recomendacion 6.
El medico debe continuar ajustando el
tratamiento hasta que se alcanza la
presion arterial meta. Si esta no se
alcanza aun, agregue y titule una
tercera droga de la lista.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
No
useinun
IECA
y from
un the
ARA
juntos.
blood
pressure
adults:
Report
panel
members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
Ogedegbe G, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Principles and Techniques of
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8 DEL
SELECCIN
SELECCIN DEL
FRMACO
FRMACO
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
JNC-8
JNC-8 DEL
SELECCIN
SELECCIN DEL
FRMACO
FRMACO
Dihidropiridnicos
Nifedipino
Amlodipino
No Dihidropiridnicos
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Color Atlas of Physiology, Agamemnon Despopoulos, Stefan Silbernagl, 1991, New York
JNC-8
JNC-8
INICIO
INICIODEL
DELFRMACO
FRMACO
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high
blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National