STIRLING ENGINE

PRESENTING BY
AJMAL.AK
REG.NO-13021899

HISTORY
Inventor = ROBERT STIRLING (1790 - 1878)
Sought to replace the steam turbines of his days
due to frequent explosion caused by unsustainable
high pressure killing and injuring workers
Invented STIRLING ENGINE in 1816 which could
not explode and produce more power then the
steam engine used.

INTRODUCTION
A device which converts one form of energy into
mechanical energy is called engine.
Engine was originally a term for any mechanical device
that converts force into motion.
In modern usage, the term engine typically describes
devices, like steam engines and internal combustion
engines, that burn or otherwise consume fuel to perform
mechanical work by exerting torque or linear force.
Engine has made a great contribution to human comforts
and to tremendous progress of industry.

STIRLING ENGINE ?.............

 Device that converts heat energy to mechanical power by

alternately compressing and expanding a fixed quantity of
working fluid at different temperatures.
Regeneration as alternative.

WHY STIRLING ENGINE ?.....

 Best teaching and learning device for any engineering

students especially in the field of thermodynamics.
Unique technology.
An innovation with hundreds of application.
An innovation with a mission to save the earth.
Fuel independency.

MAIN COMPONENTS.

 Power piston small tightly sealed piston that moves up

when the gas inside the engine expands
Displacer larger piston and it is very loose in its cylinder so
air can move easily between the heated and cooled sections
of the engine as the displacer moves up and down
These piston move by the action of compression and
expansion
Difference in pressure causes the piston to move and
produce power.

COMMON CONFIGRATION

WORKING..

GAMMA
MECHANICAL CONFUGURATION

THE STIRLING CYCLE

Process breakdown

For STIRLING ENGINE with regeneration

For STIRLING ENGINE

without regeneration

Materials used in the shop.

Q
t

-k A (dT)
dx

Heat Conduction Equation

k = Thermal Conductivity
= Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Displacer
Cylinder

Stainless Steal
k = 15.9 (W / m*K)
= 16E-6 (C-1)

Displacer
Piston

Brass
k = 120 (W / m*K)
= 20.0E-6 (C-1)

EFFICIENCY

 Theoretically
STIRLING ENGINE efficiency = Carnot efficiency
Unfortunately working fluid or gas is not ideal this causes
the efficiency to be lower than Carnot efficiency.
In fact, STIRLING ENGINE efficiency depends on
Temperature ratio (proportionally)
Pressure ratio (inversely proportionally)
Specific heat ratio (inversely proportionally)

ADVANTAGES.

 Various heat sources (solar, geothermal, nuclear energy,

waste heat, biological)
Environmental friendly
Heat is external and the burning of a fuel-air mixture can be
more accurately controlled.
Operates at relatively low pressure and thus are much safer
than typical steam turbines
Less manpower needed to operate any type of commercial
STIRLING ENGINE.
Highest thermal efficiency
Difference in temperature
Full regeneration, 100% efficiency

DIS-ADVANTAGES

 Low Power to weight ratio

Impractical for motion
Internal combustion
Practical for motion
Production costs
No large scale construction

APPLICATIONS..
..

 WATER PUMP STATIONS

COMBINED HEAT & POWER PLANT
SOLAR POWER GENERATION
STIRLING CYROCOOLERS
HEAT PUMP
MARINE ENGINES
NUCLEAR POWER
AIRCRAFT ENGINES

WATER POWER STATION

A STIRLING ENGINE used
for pumping water can be
configured so that the
water cools at the
compression space. This is
most effective when
pumping cold water.

STIRLING CYROCOOLERS
Any STIRLING ENGINE can also work in reverse as a
heat pump. When a motion is applied to the shaft, a
temperature difference appears between the
reservoirs.

NUCLEAR POWER

Replacing the steam turbines of the nuclear power

plant with STIRLING ENGINE might simplify the plant,
yield greater efficiency, and reduce the radioactivity

AVIATION
The main reasons these engines are needed in Aviation is
because their motor is silent. Smooth torque and lack of
vibrations.
Aviation is the last major user of leaded fuel, STIRLING
ENGINE produce less pollution.

2 DAY STIRLING ENGINE

STIRLING ENGINE are used in our everyday lives.
STIRLING ENGINE are used in refrigerators.
Liquefied gases founded in welding supply company are
made in STIRLING ENGINE.
The satellite weather channel uses a tiny STIRLING
CYROCOOLERS to cool the image sensor to near absolute
zero.

CONCLUSION
Unlimited source of heat source
Political awareness of green heat and power production.
Large market experiencing rapid growth.
Many different possible applications.
Time to change.

ANY QUESTIONS ???

By
AJMAL AK