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Assertiveness Skills

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Learning Objectives

What is
Assertiveness

The Need for


Assertiveness

Skills for
Assertiveness

Art of
Saying NO

Understanding
Self Evaluation
Behavior Patterns

Assertiveness
for Effective
Communication

Action Plan for


a New Assertive
You

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You can not fix the whole


world but you can help a
small part of it

Assertiveness
You can assert yourself
in an area worthwhile
to you

The Middle
Ground
between being
a
Bully and a
Doormat
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What is Assertiveness ?

Confirming confidently, positively.


To defend ones rights or opinions,
sometimes with unnecessary
zeal..

Expressing opinions
or desires strongly and
with confidence so that
people take notice...

Chambers Dictionary
Oxford Advanced
Learners Dictionary
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What is Assertiveness ?

An honest, direct, and


appropriate expression of
one's feelings, thoughts,
and beliefs

Assertiveness is the ability


to communicate your
needs, feelings, opinions,
and beliefs in an open and
honest manner without
violating the rights of others

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Assertiveness is NOT
A guaranteed
Way to get
what you want

A guaranteed
way to win every
argument

A way to get
others to feel
like you feel
or think like
you think

Telling everyone
everything all the
time

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Assertiveness involves

Saying "yes" when you want


to, and saying "no when you
mean "no
(rather than agreeing
to do something just to please
someone else)

Deciding on, and sticking to,


clear boundaries being
happy to defend your position,
even if it provokes conflict and
being confident about handling
conflict if it occurs

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Assertiveness involves
Understanding how to negotiate if two people want different
outcomes

Understanding how to negotiate if two people


want different outcomes

Understanding how to negotiate if two people


want different outcomes

Having a positive, optimistic outlook


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What Assertiveness does


not Involve
Being assertive
does not mean
violating the
Rights of others

Assertiveness is
not aggressiveness
or selfishness

Being assertive
does not involve
humiliating or
abusing other
people
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Learning Objectives

What is
Assertiveness

The Need for


Assertiveness

Skills for
Assertiveness

Art of
Saying NO

Understanding
Self Evaluation
Behavior Patterns

Assertiveness
for Effective
Communication

Action Plan for


a New Assertive
You

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The Need for Assertiveness


The
The way
way we
we
communicate
communicate with
with
others
others and
and with
with
ourselves
ourselves
ultimately
ultimately
determines
determines the
the
quality
quality of
of our
our lives.
lives.
~Anthony
~Anthony
Robbins
Robbins

Win

se
o
L

St
ak
e

Relationships
Relationships
slowly
slowly disintegrate,
disintegrate,
one
one failed
failed or
or
missing
missing
conversation
conversation at
at aa
time.
time.
~Susan
~Susan Scott
Scott

Chaos
l
ro Ord
t
er
n
o
CopyrightC 2008 - 2012

the
the meek
meek do
do
not
not inherit
inherit the
the
Earth,
Earth, they
they serve
serve
those
those who
who are
are
self-confident
self-confident and
and
self-assertive.
self-assertive.
~Dean
~Dean Koontz
Koontz

Loss

I
if t nve
o
st
Pr

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Need for Assertiveness


Lack of assertiveness leads to
Depression:
feeling helpless
with no control
over your life

Resentment:
anger at others
for taking
advantage of you

Frustration:
why did I let
that happen

Temper:
if you can't express
anger appropriately
it can build up to
temper outbursts

Loss

Anxiety:
you may avoid
certain situations
which make you
feel uncomfortable

Relationships:
when individuals
can't tell each
other what they
want
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Stress:
stress can have
a negative impact
on the body

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Benefits of Being Assertive


Makes you feel
better about yourself

Propels your career

Minimizes
any unpleasantness

Vaults you into leadership


position

Helps have better


relations with others

Able to adapt to changing


social and professional
environments

Reduces stress

Freedom from guilt


conscience as you
know that you are right
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Learning Objectives

What is
Assertiveness

The Need for


Assertiveness

Skills for
Assertiveness

Art of
Saying NO

Understanding
Self Evaluation
Behavior Patterns

Assertiveness
for Effective
Communication

Action Plan for


a New Assertive
You

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Understanding Behavior Patterns


3 Basic Types

Aggressive

Passive/
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Assertive
Submissive
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Passive Behavior Symptoms


Reluctant to express own opinions,
and feelings

Passive
Often feels used by others
Refrains from complaining
Finds it difficult to refuse the
requests of others
Acquiesces in the views and
desires of the majority
Is submissive in the presence of
aggressive behavior
Frequently makes compromises for
harmony
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Passive Behavior Reasons


Fear of rejection

Fear of upsetting others


Passive

Reasons
Feeling responsible
Inappropriate inner voices

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ggressive Behavior
ymptoms
Frequently argues with others

Aggressive
Frequently
gets angry
Easily and frequently finds fault with
others
No difficulty in complaining when
receiving poor quality
Expects others to accommodate
own schedules
Continually works to personal
agendas at others expense
Rarely feels aware of the needs or
feelings of others
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ggressive Behavior
easons
Satisfying their own needs

Disregard the
needs
of others
Think as superior beings
Aggressive

Reasons
Childhood emotional
trauma
Over-correction of being
too passive
Inappropriate dealing with
anger

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Assertive Behavior Symptoms


Able to express desires and
feelings

assertive
Able
to converse and work well with
people
Able to disagree with others
respectfully
Aware of the needs and desires of
others
Able to make concessions to others
Able to express a concern or a
need
Able to refuse a request without
feeling guilty
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Comparison
Passive

Assertive

Aggressive

Style

Not expressing needs Honest, open, direct


Self-devaluing
Recognises own rights
Waiting to be led
Listens to others
needs

Domineering, insisting
Win / lose
Not listening

Non-verbal
behaviour

Small posture
Quiet, hesitant voice
Little eye contact

Interrupting
Loud
Staring, pointing

Language

Sorry to bother you


I believe/need/Id like
That wont work

No (when appropriate) You cant be serious


I cant seem to
Open questions
Your problem / fault
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Its only my opinion
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Upright, balanced pose


Firm, clear voice
Steady eye contact

ransactional Analysis
Aggressive

I am
OK

Youre
Not OK

Passive/
Aggressive

Assertive

Youre
OK

Passive
I am
Not OK
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Learning Objectives

What is
Assertiveness

The Need for


Assertiveness

Skills for
Assertiveness

Art of
Saying NO

Understanding
Self Evaluation
Behavior Patterns

Assertiveness
for Effective
Communication

Action Plan for


a New Assertive
You

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valuating Yourself
ssertiveness Test
.
1. Can
you express negative feelings about other people
and their behaviors without using abusive language?

2. Are you able to exercise and express your strengths?

3. Can you easily recognize and compliment other


peoples achievements?

4. Do you have the confidence to ask for what is


rightfully yours?
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valuating Yourself
ssertiveness Test
.

5. Can you accept criticism without being defensive?

6. Do you feel comfortable accepting compliments?

7. Are you able to stand up for your rights?

8. Are you able to refuse unreasonable requests from


friends, family, or co-workers?
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valuating Yourself
ssertiveness Test
.

9. Can you comfortably start and carry on a conversation


with others?

10. Do you ask for assistance when you need it ?

If your answer is YES to all 10 questions, then You


are already practicing Assertiveness Skils.

More than 3 NO s for these 10 questions


indicates a need to understand and
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Skills
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valuating Yourself
Non Assertiveness Test
.

1. Do you buy things you do not want because you are


afraid to say no to the salesperson?

2. When you do not understand the meaning of a word,


do you ask about it?

3. Do you feel responsible when things go wrong, even


if it is not your fault?

4. Do you look directly at others when you talk to them?


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valuating Yourself
Non Assertiveness Test
.

5. Do you often text or email someone about a conflict


instead of talking to them face to face?

6. Do you feel intimidated by people in authority?

7. Do you generally have a poor and clumsy posture?

8. Do you often feel so angry you could scream?


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valuating Yourself
ssertiveness Test
.

9. Do you feel dependant when asking for help from


others?

10. If someone cuts in front of you in line, do you usually


tell them off?

If your answer is YES to more than 5 of these


questions, then your Assertiveness quotient is low.

Your behavior pattern may be tending


towards passive/ submissive or purely
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Aggressive.
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Know Your Basic Rights


To Assert

To change mind
To decide
sation
To compen
y
To be angr
s
To mistake
To say No
To express

el
To feCopyright
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To want

Learning Objectives

What is
Assertiveness

The Need for


Assertiveness

Skills for
Assertiveness

Art of
Saying NO

Understanding
Self Evaluation
Behavior Patterns

Assertiveness
for Effective
Communication

Action Plan for


a New Assertive
You

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Skills for Assertiveness

Affirmations

Techniques

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Liberation Cycle of
Assertiveness
POSITIVE AFFIRMATION
'I am assertive

POSITIVE RESULTS
'I have been assertive'

Assertiven
ess Cycle

POSITIVE EXPECTATIONS
'I am persuasive when
necessary'

ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOUR
'I can understand
your view
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ower of Affirmations

Better
Positive
for
Become
Improve
Cast
Gainoff
selfyour
the
our
affirmations
our mental
inner
own
confidence
limitations
person
voices
well-being
give hope
Use Positive
Affirmations
Regularly

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firmations for Work


I am a competent and confident person
I am an attractive and interesting person
People listen to what I have to say
At meetings I make a significant contribution
I am independent of the approval of others

I can always find opportunities in situations of change

Some of these
affirmations may
appeal, others
may not.
Develop a set for
yourself

I am creating my desired future


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firmations for Life


I am what I am

I am at one with myself and my world


I respect myself and all living things
In loving myself I love others

I am continually developing towards my inner self

In giving I achieve more

Some of these
affirmations may
appeal, others
may not.
Develop a set for
yourself

I am open to the opportunitiesCopyright


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Skills for Assertiveness

Disagreeing
gracefully
1

Driving Force 1

I statements
Negative assertion
Negative inquiry
Fogging
Broken record
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DESC (Describe,
Express,
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Specify, Clarify)

DESC

D
E

Describe the actions


or behaviour that you
see as taking place
Express why that
behaviour is an issue

Specify the resulting


actions or change of
behaviour you would
like to effect

Clarify the consequences for


failing to change behaviour or
meet demands

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oken Record
Broken Record

1. Repeat yourself again and


again and again, until the person
gives in or concedes to your demands.
2. Most people capitulate after
you repeat yourself three times.

Broken record is particularly useful when:


Dealing with those in authority
You are not getting what you are entitled to
Dealing with people brighter or more fluent than you
The other person is likely to use put-downs
Because you just have to repeat yourself,
broken record is really easy to use.
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Broken record
EXAMPLE
Broken Record

You: The program was not up to standard,


and we did not cover all the elements said
in the brochure so I want a refund.
Reply: Other people have not complained,
in fact some of the evaluations are excellent.
You: They might be, but I want a refund
because the work was not up to standard.
Reply: In my opinion as a course tutor
the course was up to standard.
You: I can appreciate that is your
opinion but I want a refund.
Reply: It is not our policy to give refunds.
You: That may be your policy but I want
a refund.
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Fogging
Fogging

1. Fogging is useful when


someone is putting pressure
on you to do something
2. Thus your response to the
request is to put up a fog
Listen to what the person says, and decide
whether or not you wish to comply. If not,
then using their words, or similar, acknowledge
their need but state your case.

This method is a very polite method of


saying No.
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gative Enquiry
Negative
Enquiry

Enquiry is real fun.


You invite extra criticism and/or
examples so that you have the
benefit of additional feedback.
REPLY
ACCUSATION
Oh really, in what way?
Youre lazy
Youre always late Always? How do you
know that for a fact?
My understanding may
Youre stupid
be different from yours,
what exactly do you mean
by that?
Youre selfish
Can you explain why
this particular instance
has caused you to
brand me with
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gative Assertion
1. When people call us names,
or give us negative labels, we usually
wish to defend ourselves
Negative Assertion
2. Aggressive or manipulative people who
do this to us soon find our weak spots.
3. Negative assertion is like jujitsu where you
use the power of your protagonist to turn the
situation to your advantage
4. No one is perfect, so in negative assertion
All you do is accept the part of the that is true,
in a matter of fact way
Look at the examples:
If you think that, you must be stupid
You: I admit Im not the brightest person
around
And you are always making mistakes
You: Yes, I do make mistakes
occasionally
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Statements
I Statements

1. I statements are among


the most powerful you can
make, both for yourself and others
2. In I statements you are
affirming who you are
and what you want.
I statements can be used
in a variety of ways:
Situation
Interpretation and understanding
Feelings and emotions
Wants and needs
Future actions
Using them is the
hallmark
of- assertiveness
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I Statements
Situation

Future Actions
I want you to pay attention
I want your full co-operation
I want you to be on time
The strength of these
statements is that they let the
other person know your exact
position and what you expect.

I get the impression you are not


interested
I have the feeling you dont want my
ideas
I think you are ignoring me

Wants and needs


I feel betrayed
I feel taken advantage of
I feel angry, disappointed,
cross, annoyed
This is not about feelings, but
really a way to express your
opinion more strongly. Again,
these statements are powerful
because they are nonnegotiable or irrefutable.

Feelings and emotions


I want you to pay attention
I want your full co-operation
I want you to be on time
The strength of these statements is
that they let the other person know
your exact
position and what you expect.

These statements are powerful


because youre describing your
interpretation of a situation, not
just the situation itself.

Interpretation and
understanding
I have been asked to work late

three times this week


I see that I have been passed over
for promotion again
I notice that you have not spoken to
me for three days
Situation statements are powerful
because they are factual and, as an
observation on
your part, they are non-negotiable.

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statements
Situation:
Want:
Interpretation:
Feelings:
I see
thatI
So
I want
Future
feel
IAction:
think
are
this to
isyou
the
you
do
I
am
disappointed
trying
toI ask
doyou
as
whattime
going
third
and
annoyed
even
ifnot
Imif
report
little
asI you
possible
have
that
have
to
not
there
to
you
do
this
without
me
repeat
done as
I
supervise
again
myself
requested
you

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Disagreeing Gracefully
Disagreeing
Gracefully

1. Occasionally there will


be disagreements
2. Acquiescing or, the opposite,
attacking, are not constructive
responses.

Following a simple step-by-step process will help


you put your case without getting emotional,
losing your integrity or losing your respect for the
other person.
The Process
1. Affirmative Statement
2. Softening Statement
3. Indicate Process
4. State Reasons
5. Disagree
6. Offer a compromise*
The compromise is optional
and it is for you to decide
whether or not to make a
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Disagreeing Gracefully
Affirmative Statement

Disagree

This is simply saying YES. It might


sound strange saying this when you
are
disagreeing. But if you say NO the
other person immediately goes into
argument mode
and is less likely to listen. You are
using yes to prepare them for what
you are going to
say, not to indicate that you agree
with them.

Do not apologize or use


tentative language here. Use
the strongest language that
you can, remembering to
accompany what you have said
with appropriate body
language. Here are some
examples:
So I cannot agree with you
So I must disagree
So I think you are mistaken
The two letters of the adverb

The Softening
Statement

State Reasons
Here you simply give the
reasons or justification for your
position. This can either be
done in a straightforward way,
or you can give a balanced view
of pros and cons,
explaining why you have come
down on the side that you have.

Indicate Process
This explains to the person the
process you will use to outline your
position or your reasons for the
stance that you have taken. Here are
some examples:
If I may, I would like to say
something about that ...
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Let me giveyou
my -reasons

Most peoples views are influenced by


their background, experience or
profession. You can show that you
recognize this within the context of a
softening statement. Here are some
examples: As an engineer I can understand why
you take such a position
As someone much older than myself,
with different values, I can understand
where you come from

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Disagreeing Gracefully
Disagreeing
Gracefully

EXAMPLES
Position: I dont think you
should go out tonight
Affirmative 1. Yes
Softening 2. I can quite understand why you would like
me to stay in and keep
you company as I have done the last three Saturdays
Indicate 3. Let me explain why tonight is so important to
me
State 4. I particularly want to see this production of
Macbeth because it has
had excellent reviews and if I dont see it tonight I will
miss it
Disagree 5. So I have decided that I am going to go out
Compromise 6. But I am more than happy to keep you
company tomorrow.

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Learning Objectives

What is
Assertiveness

The Need for


Assertiveness

Skills for
Assertiveness

Art of
Saying NO

Understanding
Self Evaluation
Behavior Patterns

Assertiveness
for Effective
Communication

Action Plan for


a New Assertive
You

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The Art of Saying NO


Passive NO accompanied by
weak excuses and
rationalizations.

Say
NO

Aggressive NO

- Done with
contempt

Assertive NO -

is simple and
direct

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Neither Nice Nor Nasty


Checklist for when you want to say `NO:
Do I really want this or am I pleasing someone else?
What is the benefit to me of saying yes?
If I do it will I enjoy it?
Do I have to say yes or no right now?
Do I need more information before I make my decision?

Do I want an alternative?
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What is the cost of saying no?

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our Steps To Saying No


.

Listen to the request - Make sure you understand the request


completely before coming to a hasty conclusion. Clarify if needed.

Say no immediately - You do not need to justify your decision. If


you start doing so, you will prolong the conversation unnecessarily.

Give a reason for your refusal Without giving a reason, you may
come off as uncooperative or hostile. A clear and honest reason.

Offer to find an alternative Let the other party know that you will try
to help them but you are unable to perform the entire request.

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ractical Tips for Saying NO


Never say Yes
when you want
Stay
Start
Do resolved
Not
your
Feel
to say
Use
else
an you
not
sentence
Ask
shy.
let time
being
Most
with
to
will
empathetic
resent and
pushed
people
aThink
NO hesitate
over.
it over
repent
response.
what
to say NO.
you agreed to
do.

Just Say NO
When You
Want TO

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Body language while saying NO


Practical Tips for everyone

Shake your
head no
when you
say NO.

Never smile
when saying
NO, it weakens
the message.

Avoid nods
and Aha s
when about
to say NO.

Stand up if
Preempt your NO
other person
when you sense
is up to make
unjustified
level eye
burden
contact while
is heading
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er Assertive Words
Thank you is an interesting
phrase. We are brought up
to say please when we want
something. But, if we say
please we are asking the
person for something.
.
The thank
you becomes assumptive.
In other words you assume that what
you ask for will be done or given.

Thank You

Judicial use of thank you can be exceptionally


powerful.
I would like to be quiet now. Thank you.
I would like you to help me. Thank you.
I want you to pay attention. Thank you.

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her Assertive Words


The conjunction if is exceptionally
powerful when you want to make a
concession or give something away.
If

The if acts as a piece of elastic with


which you can pull back the concession,
if you dont get what you want.
In life most of us let people have the pudding first,
hoping that they will do the decent thing and give us
what we want. If only life was that simple!

If you do this then I will ...


If you work harder I will ...
If you co-operate you can have ...

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Other Assertive Words


When
This is another conjunction which is the
same as `if when you make it conditional.
It has the same power:
When you ...
When the work has been completed ...
When you stop making accusations ...

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Learning Objectives

What is
Assertiveness

The Need for


Assertiveness

Skills for
Assertiveness

Art of
Saying NO

Understanding
Self Evaluation
Behavior Patterns

Assertiveness
for Effective
Communication

Action Plan for


a New Assertive
You

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Assertiveness Skills for Better


Communication
Assertive,
Well
Non
Fact
Respec
Genuine
Thought
Elements
of
Aggressiv
based
tful
out
Effective
e

Communication

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Non Verbal Aspects of


Assertiveness
Eye Contact

Voice Tone

Posture

Position and
Space

Facial
Expression

-Passive uses
very little
-Aggressive
never drops
eye contact
-Assertive
person uses
about 50 % of
the time

-Non Assertive
: Too Soft,
Hard to hear
-Aggressive:
Too Loud
-Assertive:
effective tone
modulation

-Passive: Fold
in themselves
and make
small fidgets.
-Aggressive:
Confront and
stand up.
Assertive:
Stand up tall
straight.

-Respect
keeping on the
same level.
-Sit down if the
other is.
-Stand up
when the other
is.
-keep arms
distance

-Face should
reflect the
emotion being
expressed.
-I am Angry
needs serious
expression.
Delighted
needs a happy
expression

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Non Verbal Assertiveness


Gestures:
Notice these Gestures while interacting
Hands on hips: Aggressive

Nodding head : Yes

Pointing with a pen in a


aggressive gesture
Pointing with a pen in a
aggressive gesture
Clinching fist

Shaking Head : NO

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erbal Assertive
Communication

Clarification:
Ask the speaker to be more
definitive about a point or to
clear up an assumption that
you are making or a conclusion
that you are drawing.

Restatement:
Say back to the pother
person what you have
heard him or her say.

Reflection:
Indicate what you both saw,
heard and interpreted when
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the other person spoke.

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Elements of Assertive
Communication
Soft
Assertion

Basic
Assertion

Empathetic
Assertion

Escalating
Assertion

Confrontive
Assertion

This is a kind of
statement that
does not require
anything of the
listener.
- A T-Shirt with
Save Whales
written on it does
not demand any
action from you but
lets you know the
stand of the person
wearing it.

This is more of a
simple statement
conveying what you
want out of a
situation. Simplicity
remains the key to
this kind of
assertion.
- I dont want to go
to the movie this
weekend

This is the most


effective type of
assertion one can
make. It tries to
imagine how the
other person may
feel.
- I Know that you
may be feeling
frustrated with so
many attempts, but
I just dont want to
leave any stone
unturned.

This kind of
assertion has a
specific
consequence
attached to it.
- If you get this
proposal accepted
Ill see to it that you
get a hike in the
forthcoming
review.

This is a type of
statement which is
made when a
mutual agreement
has been violated.
-We had decided
to complete the
quarterly reports by
Friday cease work.
Since that has not
happened so far
we will have to
work over the
weekend

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Accepting responsibility by
Negative Assertion
A negative assertion is essentially accepting the responsibility
of a mistake that has been committed.

When George
Washington
said Im sorry Dad,
I chopped down the
cherry tree. it was
a case of negative
assertion.

When it is difficult
For people to say
Im Sorry they
avoid negative
assertion in a
manner that
hurts others feelings.
-Im Sorry you
felt that way but I
had to..

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Learning Objectives

What is
Assertiveness

The Need for


Assertiveness

Skills for
Assertiveness

Art of
Saying NO

Understanding
Self Evaluation
Behavior Patterns

Assertiveness
for Effective
Communication

Action Plan for


a New Assertive
You

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10 Step Action Plan


Step 8 : Gather Feedback
Make a list of people whom
you trust and ask their frank
and correct feedback.
Ask about your strengths,
confidence, assertiveness.
Work on them seriously.

Step 7: Get a Guru


Step 6: Compliment often
Find out one person whom
List people who matter and
you really admire and request
think 3 good things for each.
his mentorship.
-Compliment at least 3 people
Discuss your goals, ambitions,
everyday..
objectives and problems with
-Make use of I statements
your Guru.

10

Step 9 : Boost Confidence


Make efforts to boost self
esteem by adopting image
enhancement measures.
Work out to get in shape,
take care in your dressings
and personality traits.
Step 10 : Be at It
Remember to practice your
assertiveness skills on all
occasions.
Continual practice will help
gain confidence faster.

Step 5: Meet Problems


Upfront
Confront particular situations,
persons whenever possible.
You will sharpen your
assertiveness skills and in
turn build up confidence.
Step 1: Maintain Record
Maintain a log of all your
affirmations, goals,
ambitions, rights,
achievements etc
Read and update this
record regularly.

Step 3: Note to Analyze


Step 2 : Inspiration form
Step 4: Look back
Think what you want.
At the end of each day look
Idols

Script
out
what
to
say.
Read up on all your heroes &
back.

Learn
your
script.
Analyze the various aspects.
idols.

Practice
your
script
verbally.
Make a listCopyright
Practice and rehearse
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Practice
your
script
with
affirmations and
attitudes to
on the new responses.
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appropriate body
language.
inspire you to follow.

Be
Asserti
ve
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