BIOSCI030

Integu
mentar
Syste
y m

Integumentary System
Reported by:
Bermudez, Lips B.
Magtulis,

 Skin
Skin derivatives
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Hair
Nails
Integument Covering

Our Skin serves

mostly protective
functions

Skin

Cutaneous
Membrane
Dry membrane
Outermost
protective
boundary

Skin
Structure

Epidermis

KERATINIZED

Stratified
squamous
epithelium

KERATINIZED

 Often keratinized
(hardened by keratin)
Avascular it has no
blood supply of its own

Composed
of five
layers or
strata

 Pigment (melanin)
produced by
melanocytes
Melanocytes are mostly
in the stratum basale
Color is yellow to brown
to black
Amount of melanin
produced depends upon
genetics and exposure
to sunlight

Dermis

 Dense connective tissue

Two layers
1. Papillary layer (upper dermal
region)
Projections called dermal
papillae
Some contain
capillary
loops
Other house
pain
receptors and

 Reticular layer (deepest

skin layer)
Blood vessels
Sweat and oil glands
Deep pressure receptors

 Collagen and elastic fibers located throughout the

dermis
Collagen fibers give skin its toughness
Elastic fibers give skin elasticity
Blood vessels play a role in body temperature

Normal Skin Color

Determinants
1 Melanin
2 Carotene
3 Hemoglobin

Melanin - Yellow, brown, or black

pigments

Carotene - Orange-yellow pigment

from some vegetables

Hemoglobin - Red coloring from

blood cells in dermal capillaries
Oxygen content determines the
extent of red coloring

Skin Appendages

Sebaceous glands Produce oil

Sweat glands 1.
Eccrine - sweat
Open via duct to
Produce
pore on skin surface
2. Apocrine - Ducts empty
into hair follicles

Hair - Produced by hair

Consists of hard keratinized epithelial
follicle
cells
Melanocytes provide pigment for hair
color

 Nails

- Scale-like modifications
of the epidermis which is Heavily
keratinized;
Lack of
pigment makes them colorless

Functions
of
the Skin

Mechanical Damage

Mechanical Damage
Chemical Damage
Bacterial Damage
Ultraviolet Radiation
Thermal (heat or cold) damage
Desiccation

Skin Homeostatic Imbalances

Infections and allergies

Psoriasis - Cause is
unknown; Triggered by
trauma, infection, stress

Burns
Burns - Tissue damage and cell
death caused by heat, electricity,
UV radiation, or chemicals
Associated dangers >
Dehydration, Electrolyte
imbalance, Circulatory shock

Severity of Burns
First-degree burns - Only epidermis is
damaged; Skin is red and swollen
Second-degree burns - Epidermis and upper
dermis are damaged; Skin is red with blisters
Third-degree burns - Destroys entire skin layer;
Burn is gray-white or black