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Acoustical Design
Acoustics Fundamentals
Historic Overview
Greek Theatre
Open air
Direct sound path
No sound reinforcement
Minimal reverberation
S: p. 785, F.18.17a
Historic Overview
1st Century AD
Vitruvius: 10 Books of Architecture
Sound reinforcement
Reverberation
S: p. 785, F.18.17b
Historic Overview
Today
Research to improve conditions for
Industrial noise
Hearing risks
Construction noise
Public health
Architects Role
Source
slight
Path
major design
influence
Receiver
primarily interest
Acoustical Design
Proper acoustical planning
eliminates many acoustical problems
before they are built
Lee Irvine
Acoustical Design
Relationships
Site
Location
Orientation
Planning
Internal Layout
Site
Match site to application
Match application to site
Site
Factory:
Close to RR/Hwy
Seismic
Site
Rest Home:
Traffic Noise
Outdoor Use
Contact/Isolation
Site
Concert Hall:
Use building as isolator
Distance from noise
Location
Take advantage of distance/barriers
Distance
Location
Take advantage of distance/barriers
Location
Take advantage of distance/barriers
Acoustical Barriers
Location
Take advantage of distance/barriers
Building
Orientation
Orient Building for Acoustical
Advantage
Playground
School
Orientation
Orient Building for Acoustical
Advantage
Parking Lot
Office
Factory
Planning
Consider Acoustical Sensitivity of
Activities
Noisy
Quiet
Barrier
Planning
Consider Acoustical Sensitivity of
Activities
Critical
Non-Critical
Noise
Internal Layout
Each room has
needs that can be
met by room
layout
I: p.116 F.5-12
3.
4.
Sound
Mechanical vibration, physical wave or
series of pressure vibrations in an
elastic medium
Described in Hertz (cycles per second)
Range of hearing: 20-20,000 hz
Noise
Any unwanted sound
Sound Propagation
Sound travels at different speeds
through various media.
Media
Speed (C)
Air:
1,130 fps
Water: 4,625 fps
Wood: 10,825 fps
Steel: 16,000 fps
Sound Magnitude
Sound Power (P)
Sound Intensity (I)
Sound Power
Energy radiating from a point source in
space.
Expressed as watts
S: p. 750, F.17.9
Sound Intensity
Sound power distributed over an area
I=P/A
I: sound (power) intensity, W/cm2
P: acoustic power, watts
A: area (cm2)
Intensity Level
Level of sound relative to a base reference
S: p. 750, T.17.2
subjective loudness
barely perceptible
perceptible
clearly perceptible
Perceive
d Sound
Dominant
frequencie
s affect
sound
perception
S: p. 747, F.17.8