PLANNING,ANALYSI

S,
DESIGNING &
ESTIMATION OF
HIGH RISE
BUILDING

Presented
By :

Guided by Prof

Bhusale Amar
Khaire Sagar
Mhatre Hardik
Tamboli Shekha

What is a high-rise building?

A building whose height creates different
conditions in the design, construction, and use
than those that exist in common buildings of a
certain region and period.

Definitions :
Any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed
and every part thereof whether used as human habitation or not and includes
foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys, plumbing and building
services, fixed platforms, verandah, balcony, cornice or projection, part of a
building or anything affixed thereto or any wall enclosing or intended to
enclose any land or space and signs and outdoor display structure whose
architectural height is between 35 & 100 meters is known as a High Rise
Building.
Emporis Standards defines a high-rise as "A multi-story structure between 35
100 meters tall, or a building of unknown height from 1239 floors."
According to the building code of Hyderabad, India, a high-rise building is one
with four floors or more, or one 15 meters or more in height.

High Rise
Buildings
Making
Mumbai
Aesthetic
Slums Creating
Havoc in the City

A 60 Storey Wool Worth

Building(New york) built in the

The Empire State building(New

york),a 102 Storey was found to
be the tallest building in the

The original World Trade Center

featured landmark twin towers,
which opened on April 4, 1973,
and were destroyed in the
September 11 attacks of 2001,
along with 7 World Trade Center

The World
Trade Center
is a complex
of buildings
in Lower
Manhattan,
New York City,
United States,
replacing an
earlier
complex of
seven
buildings with
the same
name on the
same site

Taipei 101 , formerly known as

the Taipei World Financial
Center, is a landmark skyscraper
located in Xinyi District, Taipei,
Taiwan. The building ranked
officially as the world's tallest
from 2004 until the opening of
the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in
2010.

Asia witnessed its first tallest building

in the year 1975 in the form of
Shinjuku Mitsui Building in Tokyo,which

 Burj Khalifa ("Khalifa

Tower), known as Burj
Dubai prior to its
inauguration, is a
skyscraper in Dubai,
United Arab Emirates, and
is the tallest man-made
structure in the world, at
829.8 m (2,722 ft).
The Burj Khalifa uses the
bundled tube
designProportionally, the
design uses half the
amount of steel used in
the construction of the
Empire State Building
thanks to the tubular
system.
It comprises of 163 floors
plus 46 maintenance
levels in the spire and 2
parking levels in the
basement.
Construction began on 21

In 2010, Imperial Tower 1 & 2 constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Ltd,

at Tardeo was opened for residents which have a height of 254 m each &
is the tallest Building in Mumbai till date.

World One is expected to

be the tallest building in
India having a height of 442
m & 117 floors to be
completed in year 2015.

Planning Aspects of High Rise

Buildings :
Area Shall not be less than 1000 sq.m

Setbacks of 12 m on either sides of High Rise Buildings shall be

provided.
Parking floor height shall not be more than 4.2 m.
Minimum 2 Nos. of staircases shall be proposed for High Rise
Buildings.
The first refuge floor to be at 24 m and thereafter the refuge
floor shall be provided at interval of 15 m.
If building height is more than 70 m., break tank of 30,000 Liters
(Thirty Thousand Liters) minimum capacity shall be provided.
Projections beyond the building line in the form of flowerbed,
niche, deck etc including the balcony, terrace shall not exceed
1.2 m.

Foundation for High Rise

Buildings :

Shallow
Foundati
on

Deep Foundation

Shallow Foundations :
A shallow foundation is a type of foundation which transfers
building loads to the earth very near the surface, rather than to a
subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation.
Types of Shallow Foundation are as :
Spread footing foundation
Mat-slab foundations
Slab-on-Grade foundation
Rubble trench foundation
Earthbag foundation
Screwpiles

Deep
foundations:
The foundations constructed below ground level with some
arrangements such as piles, wells, etc. at their base are
called deep foundations.
These are further classified as :

Pile foundation
Well foundation
Caisson foundation

Types of Shallow Foundations

Pile Foundation Types

Analysis & Design of High Rise

Buildings :

High Rise Buildings generally have following type of

structural loads & thus analysis of the same is an important
aspect determining the designing parameters of the
Buildings.
Snow Load
Gravity loads
Dead loads
Live loads
Snow loads
Wind
Dead &

Load
Live
Lateral loads
Load
Wind loads
Seismic loads

Special load cases

Impact loads
Blast loads
Earth
Quake
Load

Dead Load

Wind
Load

Live
Load
EarthQua
ke Load

Materials Used in High Rise Buildings :

Reinforced
Concrete

Light Weight Concrete

Glass being used as Walling in

Plastic used as pipe material for waste

and rainwater

Steel used for

reinforcement

Mineral Wool used as Insulating

Estimation of High Rise

Building
Approximate Method :
This is the approximate method where in the Plinth Area or Built Area is
beng calculated by any appropriate method & then is multiplied with
Per Unit Rate of Constuction of any Previously constructed Building.
Adding Water Charges,Establishment Charges,Electrical Charges,Other
Overhead Expenses & Contractors Profits gives the Total Net
Approximated Cost of the Project.

Detailed Estimation:
This method includes determination of Quantity required for the
Building & then calculating the cost of Construction by the knowing the
per unit rate of the acquired Quantities.
Also the Labour required for the Project is determined & thus rate of
labours can also be figured out.
To this Sum,extra charges for Water,Electricity,Over head
Expenses,Contractors Profit etc are added to find the Total Net
Estimated Cost of the Project.

Standards for High Rise Buildings:

High Rise Buildings need to meet certain standards for its approval &
Sustainability. Also the safety features & basic amenities need to be fulfilled by
these Buildings for their existence.
Design standards:
There are many building design standards that must be taken into consideration
when design high rise buildings, and they are as follows:
Location & surrounding building planning .
Projects scale and the general view.
Keeping an open city view.
Environment (handling wind issues shadows other environmental issues).
Transportation & car parking.
On the level of ground floor policies.
Infrastructure, energy efficiency & sustainable development.
Management & operation.
Safety and security and building standards.

Principles & design standards related to use construction

systems are as :

The building must achieve all building laws related to internal spacing.
The Building must apply modern technological systems.
It must constructed using suitable structure systems.
The building should have a distinctive.
Application of all civil defense requirements related to safety and fire fighting.
Provision of all services (car parking ,fire fighting water tanks ,water supply tanks, etc).
Fire escape stairs should consist of 2 flights each flight must not be less than 90 cm
wide.
Fire escape staircase must connect to outside of the building.
Ease of access of all floors to civil defense units.
The building must be constructed out of fire resistant materials (or materials with a high
rate of fire resistance).
The main stair case flight must not be less than 135 cm wide.
The main staircase & elevators should be present in every main core of the building.
Provision of sufficient parking slots to the number of the building users.
Basement floors with all the suitable systems to the required use.

Eco-friendly high rise buildings design standards:

Environmental standards must be applied when designing high rise
buildings. As most of the countries nowadays seek to achieve
sustainable buildings to maintain the efficiency of the building through
applying the following:
Use of renewable energies.
Use of eco-friendly construction materials.
Water rationalization inside the high rise building.
Air Quality inside the high rise building.
Proper lighting inside of the building.
Color selection philosophy.
Acoustic design.
Building security issues and its design.
Environmentally compatible architectural style.

Data Collection :
Site Layout plan.
Building Plan.
Soil related data of the Site.
Seismic Viability of the Site.
Wind data of that Zone.

Methods Of Designing :
Shear Wall
System
Shear Wall Walls used in building
construction that aid in transferring lateral
loads from the roof system or walls down
to the foundation.
Resists lateral deformation by joint
rotation
Requires high bending stiffness of
columns and beams
Rigid joints are essential for stability
Not effective for heights over 30 stories

Braced Frame System :

A Braced Frame is a structural system which
is designed primarily to resist wind and
earthquake forces. Members in a braced
frame are designed to work in tension and
compression, similar to a truss.
Braced frames are almost always composed
of steel members.
Lateral forces are resisted by axial actions
of bracing and columns
Steel bracing members or filled-in bays
More efficient than a rigid frame

Core Structure System :

Lateral and gravity loads supported by
central core
Eliminates columns and bracing elements
Core is inefficient because it is not deep
in respect to bending
Moment supported floors are inefficient

Tubular System:
Majority of structural elements around the
perimeter
Sides normal to lateral load resist bending
Sides parallel to lateral load resist shear
Minimize number of interior columns
Closely spaced exterior columns.

Hybrid Systems
Combine advantages of different structural
and material systems
Composite material system
Concrete super columns
Steel encased concrete columns
Composite floor system
Steel truss and outrigger systems

Steel encased concrete

High strength concrete super columns reduce Exposed steel column encased
in concrete for fire protection.
deflections and weight
Steel encased HS concrete combines
Easy erectability of steel,
Axial load capacity of HS concrete,
Efficient confinement and reinforcement.