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sentence structure
LANE 321
Definition of Syntax
Syntax
Generative Grammar
Generative Grammar
Finite rules
infinite number of wellformed sentences
Productivity of language
PSR
PSR
NP
Det N
11
Lexical Rules
PN
N
Art
Pro
{Mary, George}
{girl, boy, dog}
12
PSR
V Det N
V Det N
V
Det N
run a marathon eat the food read the
book
V Prep Det N
V Prep Det N
go to the store
talk with a teacher
V
Det N Prep Det N
take your sister to the library
Verb phrases have a V, (sometimes) an
NP, and (sometimes) a PP
VP -> V (NP) (PP)
13
14
NP (Det) N
PP P NP
The
boy
PP
P
NP
Det
The
boy
in the
N
yard
15
VP V (NP) (PP)
S NP VP
NP
Det
took
the
NP
Det
money
PP
N
NP
Det
took
N
bank
16
Example (1)
The old tree swayed in the
wind
S
NP
Det
Adj
VP
N
PP
P
NP
Det
The
old
tree
swayed
in the
N
wind
17
Example (2)
The children put the toy in the
box
S
NP
Det
VP
N
NP
Det
PP
N
NP
Det
The
children
put
the
toy
in the
N
box
18
Example 3
19
Back to Generative
Grammar
20
Structural ambiguity
VP
N
NP
Det
PP
N
NP
Det
The
boy
saw the
24
VP
N
NP
V
Det
PP
P
NP
Det
The
boy
saw
the
Meaning: The boy saw the man. The man had a telescope.
25
Recursion
Back to recursion
Complement Phrases
Complement Phrases
29
Transformational Rules
Transformational Rules
31
Exercises
32
Exercises
Exercises
Exercises
35
Exercises