PRESTIGE INSTITUTE OF

MANAGEMENT
AND RESEARCH, INDORE
BUSSINESS ETHICS

SUBMITTED BY :AAKASH SHRIVASTAVA

SUBMITTED
TO :-

ENLIGHTENED EGOISM
ENLIGHTENED
Factually well-informed, tolerant ofalternative opinions, and guided by
rational thought
Claiming a sense of spiritual or religious revelation of truth
People who have been introduced to the mysteries of some field or activity
Highly educated; having extensive information orunderstanding.
Having knowledge and spiritual insight
Freed from illusion
Having or based on relevant experience


EGOISM
Concern for one's own interests and welfare.
(Ethics)The belief that moral behavior should be directed toward one's
self-interest.
The ethical belief that self-interest is the just and proper motive for all
human conduct.
ENLIGHTENED EGOISM
Enlightened egoism suggests that helping others IS in your interest
It claims that it is in ourself-interest to serve others, as well as ourselves
Sometimes 'enlightened egoism' is advocated as a means rather than an
end, on the
grounds that for everyone to pursue theirown interest will maximize
thegeneral prosperity.

FOR EXAMPLE

An example might be if your friend is having a bad day .A strict egoist

might say, "forget that loser... everybody has to take care
ofthemselves".An enlightened egoist, on the other hand, would probably
say, "When that person is happy, itmakes me happy... so I should help my
friend out"

UTILARIAN
Utilitarianismis a theory in normative ethicsholding that the best moral
action is the one that maximizesutility. Utility is defined in various ways,
but is usually related to thewell-beingofsentiententities.
Originally,Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarianism, defined utility
as the aggregate pleasure after deducting suffering of all involved in any
action.John Stuart Millexpanded this concept of utility to include not only
the quantity, but quality of pleasure, while focusing on rules, instead of
individual moral actions. Others have rejected that pleasure has positive
value and have advocated negative utilitarianism, which defines utility
only in terms of suffering. As opposed to thishedonisticview, some define
utility with relation topreferencesatisfaction whereas others believe that
a range of values can be included in its definition.
Utilitarianism is a form ofconsequentialism, which states that the
consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong. This
view can be contrasted or combined withvirtue ethicswhich holds virtue
as amoral good. Some believe that one's intentions are also ethically
important. Utilitarianism is distinctly different from other forms of
consequentialism such asegoismas it considersall interests equally.
Proponents of utilitarianism have been split about whether individual acts
should conform to utility (act utilitarianism) or whetheragentsshould

Historically, hedonism can be traced back toAristippusandEpicuruswho

viewed happiness as the only good. Bentham is, however, credited with
founding utilitarianism when he wroteAn Introduction to the Principles of
Morals and Legislation.Since Bentham, prominent utilitarian's have
included John Stuart Mill,Henry Sidgwick,R.M. HareandPeter Singer. The
philosophy has been applied to modern issues including the suffering of
non-human animals. Specifically, utilitarianism has been applied to the
ethics of raising animals for food and the ethics ofwild animal
suffering.Effective altruismis a philosophy aimed at improving the world
through evidence based means, which has been supported on utilitarian
grounds.
Opponents of utilitarianism have criticized it for many reasons. Some
have said that utilitarianism ignores justice while others contend that
utilitarianism is impractical. Specific criticisms have included themere
addition paradoxand theutility monster. Others have said that pleasure is
not commensurable across people with varying identities and thus the
idea of aggregating utility is impossible.

EGOISM

In philosophy, egoism is the theory that ones self is, or should be, the
motivation and the goal of ones own action. Egoism has two variants,
descriptive or normative. The descriptive (or positive) variant conceives
egoism as afactualdescription of human affairs. That is, people are
motivated by their own interests and desires, and they cannot be
described otherwise. The normative variant proposes that people should
be so motivated, regardless of what presently motivates their behavior.
Altruism is the opposite of egoism. The term egoism derives from ego,
the Latin term for I in English. Egoism should be distinguished
fromegotism, which means a psychological overvaluation of ones own
importance, or of ones own activities.