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BINARITY principle:
Every phonological, morphological and
syntactic structure is inherently
binary branching.
BINARY BRANCHING IN PHONOLOGY:
A syllable like bat has a binary structure
consisting of:
the onset /b/ and the rhyme /at/
The rhyme at the same time, has a binary
structure, consisting of:
the nucleus /a/ and the coda /t/
indecypherability
Determiner Phrase
Prepositional Phrase
DP
D
that
PP
N
idea
Adv
right
P
P
between
DP
the
Verb Phrase
Tense Phrase
VP
D
we
TP
V
V
support
eyes
D
we
DP
that idea
T
T
should
VP
complain
CP
TP
[dec]
T'
D
she
T
VP
past
perf
3S
PP
VP
PP
VP
D
she
P
with
P
to
V
talked
D
her
DP
D
N
sympathy
CP
C
TP
[dec]
T
VP
T
past
perf
3S
e
d
PP
VP
PP
VP
D
she
P
with
V
V
talk
P
to
D
her
DP
D
N
sympath
y
CP
C
[dec]
D
she
T
VP
T
pres
imp
3S
VP
VP
D
she
PP
Adv
ofte
n
Adv V
ofte visits
n
DP
D
N
Mary
P
at
DP
D
her
D
D
[gen]
N
house
CP
C
[dec]
VP
T
pres
imp
3S
s
VP
VP
D
she
PP
Adv
ofte
n
DP
V
visi
t
N
Mary
P
at
DP
D
her
D
D
[gen]
N
house
PASSIVISATION
OBJECTIVE CASE:
DIRECT OBJECT
INDIRECT OBJECT
OBLIQUE OBJECT
1. DIRECT OBJECT
Peter sent the material to us. Peter
sent it to us.
It/the material was sent to us [by Peter]
2. INDIRECT OBJECT
Peter sent us the material. ?Peter
sent us it.
We were sent the material [by Peter]
3. OBLIQUE OBJECT
The gorilla has sat on the night-table.
The night-table has been sat on [by
the gorilla].
the
PARTITIVE
phrase
1. all [individuals/members]
( of )
2. those teachers
1. PART
2. WHOLE
C
P
TP
[decl
]
D
they
VP
T
Past
Impe
rf
3P
VP
PP
QP
NP
Q
both
V
expected
P
P
TP
D
PRO
T
T
to
VP
V
V
atten
d
DP
D
the
N
meetin
CP
C
TP
[decl]
D
they
T
T
VP
Imp
Past
3P
PP
P
with
VP
QP
Q
both
PP
P
V
expected
D
some
NP
N
degree
V
NP
DP
TP
D
PRO
PP
P
of
DP
T
T
to
N
excitemen
t
VP
V
V
attend
DP
D
the
N
meetin
ECM constructions:
Can anyone advise me on how to deal with my boyfriend?
I find him quite mean and money driven.
Ive been with my boyfriend since I was 19. I find him
quite boring.
Some people find him difficult, but I find him quite
easy to wear.
You may find him/her/it/us/them
inspiring/attractive/annoying...
I consider/judge/believe / I judge him a fool / I judged
it (to be) right
I want it very cold. / I want that (to be) played at my
own funeral.
I'll go ahead and assign Jason to this task. I want him
(to be) working on this for about two hours each day
for the next five days.
I can't tell you how good this guy is when it comes to
working on your scooter because I have left him five
CONTROL:
PROi
to call
ECM:
WHO
to call
CP
C'
D
who
C
T
does
TP
Q
T'
D
he
T
does
VP
D
D
he
he
V'
V
expect
TP
D
PRO
T'
T
to
VP
D
D
PRO
PRO
V
V
call
D
D
who
who
TP
T
Q
T
doe
s
VP
D
he
V
expect
TP
T
T
to
VP
D
PRO
V
call
V
D
who
CP
C
D
who
C
T
does
TP
Q
D
he
TT
does
does
VP
D
he
V
expect
TP
D
you
T
T
to
VP
D
D
you
you
V
call
V
D
D
who
who
TP
T
Q
T
doe
s
VP
D
he
V
expect
TP
T
T
to
VP
D
you
V
call
V
D
who
CP
C
D
who
C
T
does
TP
Q
D
he
T
TT
does
does
VP
D
D
he
he
V
V
expect
TP
D
who
T
to
VP
D
D
who
who
V
V
call
D
you
TP
T
Q
T
doe
s
VP
D
he
V
expect
TP
D
who
T
T
to
VP
D
who
V
V
call
D
you
OBJECT-CONTROL
CP
C
TP
[dec]
DP
D
the
T
must
FP
A
unambitio
us
PerfP
Perf
F
F
N
[agr] caretak
er
Perf
have
VP
V
V
Control predicate
tried
TP
to tell his daughter to expect us to do them a
favour
V
V
tried
TP
D
PRO
T
T
to
VP
V
V
V
tell
Control predicate
Object control
predicate
TP
to expect us to do them a
favour
DP
D
his
D
D
[gen]
N
daughte
r
V
TP
V
V
tell
DP
his
daughter
D
PRO
T
T
to
VP
V
V
expe
ct
TP
D
us
T
T
to
VP
V
DP
V
ECM predicate
Double object
predicate
V
do
D
the
m
D
a
N
favour
TP
[dec]
T
must
[agr]
VP
V
PerfP
FP
A
unambitiou
s
F
T
T
to
T
DP
D
the
D
PRO
V
TP
expec
t
D
us
T
to
Perf
F
N
caretake
r
Perf
have
VP
VP
V
TP
D
PRO
DP
V
T
T
to
V
do
VP
D
the
m
D
N
a favour
Control predicate
Double object
predicate
V
V
tried
Object control
predicate
ECM predicate
them a
favour.
TP
V
tell
to expect us
DP
D
his
D
D
[gen]
N
daughter
c-command
1. polarity expressions
+ affective constituents
2. anaphoric pronouns
(i.e. reflexive/reciprocals)