APPETITE FOR

LEARNING: Exploring
Food
& Healthy Living
Alyssa Cardinal S.N.,
Christa Sciabica S.N.,
Noel Silveira S.N.

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ABOUT US!

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THAT

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Macronutrients: AKA
Building Blocks
Macronutrients are the building blocks in food that
give our body calories.
Calories = Energy!
Macronutrients:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

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Why do we need
CARBOHYDRATES?
Carbohydrates (carbs) are the

bodys main source of fuel.

45%-65% of the calories we eat
should come from carbs.
Carbs are easily used by the body
for energy.
Carbs are broken down in to glucose
(SUGAR!)
All of the tissues and cells in our
body can use glucose for
energy.
Carbs are NEEDED for the brain, the
kidneys, the muscles (including
the heart) to function properly.
Carbs can be stored in the muscles
and liver and later used for energy.
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Where are CARBS found?

In starchy foods like:

Grains
Potatoes
Pasta
Fruits
Milk
Yogurt

These foods also contain carbs, but in lesser amounts:

Vegetables
Beans
Nuts
Seeds
Cottage cheese
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Why do we need PROTEINS?

Growth! Especially
important for children,
TEENS and pregnant
women.
Tissue repair (scrapes,
breaks, and cuts!)
Immunity
Makes important hormones
and enzymes
ENERGY when CARBS are
NOT AVAILABLE!
10%-35% of the calories
we eat should come from
PROTEINS.

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Where are PROTEINS found?

Large quantities of protein in:

Meats
Poultry
Fish
Cheese
Milk
Nuts
Beans

Smaller quantities of protein in:

Starchy foods
Vegetables

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Why do we need FATS?

Although fats have a bad reputation
for causing weight gain, some fat is
actually necessary for survival.
25%-35% of the calories we eat
should come from FATS.
Important for normal growth and
development.
ENERGY (Fat has the most calories
which = the most energy!)
Absorbing certain vitamins (like
vitamins A, D, E, K)
Providing cushioning for the organs
Providing taste, texture and holds
food together.
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Where are FATS found?

Meat
Poultry
Nuts
Milk products
Butter & margarine
Oils
Fish
Grain products
Salad dressings

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GOOD FAT vs BAD FAT

Saturated fat
Found in foods like meat, butter, lard and cream
INCREASES risk for heart disease
BAD

Trans fat
Found in baked goods, snack foods, fried foods,
and margarines
INCREASES risk for heart disease
BAD

Unsaturated fat
Found in foods like olive oil, avocados, nuts,
and canola oil
DECREASES risk for heart disease
GOOD!!!
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Taking a closer look at

NUTRITION LABELS
Lets do the
math!
There are 3.5 g of
total fat.
- 1.5 g saturated
fat
- 0.5 g trans fat
How many grams
of unsaturated fat
per cookie?
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CALCULATING CALORIES

1 g carbohydrates = 4 calories
1 g protein = 4 calories
1 g fat = 9 calories
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COUNTING CALORIES
Example:
Total fat = 5 g
Total carbs = 34 g
Protein = 2 g
How many total calories?
Answer:
5 g fat x 9 =
45 calories
34 g carbs x 4 = 136 calories
2 g protein x 4 =
8 calories
_________________________
TOTAL:
189 calories
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FIND YOUR GROUP MEMBERS

Remove the single puzzle piece from your
envelope.
Mingle around the classroom and find the three
other people in the room that have puzzle pieces
that match yours.
5 minutes- GO!

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YOUR TURN!
Calculating Calories
Open your envelopes and take out your Nutrition
Facts labels.
In groups of 4, calculate the calories for each
food.
10 minutes

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Break!
5 minutes

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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

What is the digestive system?
A group of organs and body structures that break down food using chewing,
churning, squeezing and special chemicals called enzymes, in order for the
body to absorb nutrients and remove left over waste.

What organs and body structures are part of the digestive system?

Teeth & tongue

Esophagus (food pipe)
Stomach
Small intestines
Liver
Gall bladder
Large intestines
Anus

What is an ENZYME?
A chemical made in the body that breaks food down in to smaller molecules, or
building blocks, so they can be absorbed by the body.

What is the end product of the digestive system?

POO!

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Lingual lipase & amylase are special

chemicals (enzymes) that break down fats and
carbs in the mouth.
Protease, pepsin, and stomach acid
(hydrochloric acid) break down proteins and
stomach acid and also kill bacteria in the food
we eat.
Pancreatic lipase and bile are released in
the small intestine to break down fats.
Bile is a chemical produced in the liver that is
stored in the gall bladder. When we eat, the
gall bladder is signaled to release bile in to the
small intestine to break down fat.

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 In the small intestine, villi and

microvilli (little fingers) absorb
macronutrients (building blocks) and
take them to the bloodstream.

The small intestines are the place

where most of the nutrients our
body needs are absorbed.

FUN FACT:
By adulthood, the small intestine
is about
TWENTY FEET LONG!
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 The large intestine is the next stop.

The large intestine absorbs water, salt
and potassium from the waste, and
puts it back in to the body.
The longer the waste stays in the
large intestine, the more water is
absorbed.
QUESTIONS:
What do you think happens to our
stool when it stays in the large
intestine for a short amount of
time?
What do you think happens to our
stool when it stays in the large
intestine for a long amount of
time?
What happens to our stool when
we dont drink enough water?

FUN FACT:

The large intestine is about FIVE FEET

LONG.
Large + Small = TWENTY FIVE FEET!
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Thats taller than a 2 story house!
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So, whats left in our poo?

After all of the nutrients, water, salt and potassium
have been removed, we are left with:
75% water
25% solid
Of the solid remains:
30% dead bacteria
30% food that cant be broken down, AKA fiber (mostly from
plants that cant be broken down by the body)
For example: Corn, peanuts, peas, carrots, cereals, and beans
contain fiber that cannot be broken down by the body.

10-20% fats
10-20% some minerals
2-3% protein
And small bits of cells from the digestive tract, white blood
cells,
and bile pigments.

Fun Fact: Fiber is important for our digestive tract

because

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Why is poo brown?

When red blood cells are broken down, a chemical
is created called bilirubin. This is a yellowishbrownish substance that is removed from the
body through our waste. When bilirubin meets
iron, the end result is.. BROWN!!

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Experiment: MAKING POO!

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GAME TIME!

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SERVING SIZES
HOW BIG IS A SERVING
HOW BIG IS A SERVING
BUTTER?
HOW BIG IS A SERVING
HOW BIG IS A SERVING
VEGETABLES?
HOW BIG IS A SERVING
HOW BIG IS A SERVING
HOW BIG IS A SERVING
HOW BIG IS A SERVING
HOW BIG IS A SERVING

OF MEAT?
OF PEANUT

3 ounces

OF MILK?
OF

1 cup

OF
OF
OF
OF
OF

(size of a

closed fist)

2 tablespoons
cup
2 ounces

(2 big

erasers)

CHEESE?
1 cup
DRY CEREAL?
cup
RICE?
cup
PASTA?
1 cup
FRUIT?
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DIY TRAIL
MIX
10 minutes

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So how does this affect our

heart?
Cholesterol: A special kind of sticky fat found in
Foods high in saturated fats and oils (butter, fatty meats, lard,
2% and whole milk, fast foods and greasy foods.

Atherosclerosis: The buildup of FAT and CHOLESTEROL on the

inside of the arteries that forms hard structures called
PLAQUES!
When we eat diets high in cholesterol as children and
adolescents, the chance of getting atherosclerosis later in life
is increased!
Lets take a second to think
What do you think happens to our blood pressure when we form plaques?
How does this affect our heart?
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Atherosclerosis

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Atherosclerosis, whats the

big
Coronary
artery disease:
deal?!?
When atherosclerosis narrows the
arteries close to your heart, this can lead
to coronary artery disease. This can
cause chest pain and heart attacks.

Congestive heart failure:

When your heart has to pump super hard
to get blood past plaques, the heart
muscles become bigger. This is one
muscle we DONT want to get bigger!
Because the muscles are so big, the
heart cant fill up with enough blood. It
also becomes hard for the heart to
squeeze blood to the rest of the body,
which can make the heart very tired!

Strokes:
When pieces of hard plaques break off,
they can travel to the brain and block
blood flow, causing a stroke.
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Atherosclerosis Visual

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QUESTIONS?
COMMENTS?

Next

~BMI READINGS~

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