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Biodiversity also
ecosystem.
Each function is an integral part of regulating
Economic Role of
Biodiversity .
Food: Crop Biodiversity or agrobiodiversity.
Goods: Various things like timber, paper,
medicines.
Recreation: Wildlife tourism, trekking nature
photography, birdwatching.
Types of Biodiversity
Genetic diversity
Species diversity Ecosystem diversity
A. Genetic
Genetic diversity
is the variation in the genetic
Diversity
composition of individuals in a population,
community or species
B. Species Diversity
Species diversity is the variety of species (group of
interbreeding organisms) in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
About 1.75 million species described. Total number
estimated at approx 12.5 million, but could be anything
from 5-100 million. There may be 10 million
undescribed species in the deep sea alone!
The diversity of the smaller organisms (e.g.
phytoplankton, the plants of sea) is less well known than
the larger organisms (e.g. mammals such as dolphins and
whales).
C. Ecosystem
Diversity
Ecosystem diversity describes the variation in all living
and non-living things in a particular geographic or
ecological region. Ecosystems comprise unique
combinations of animals, plants, micro-organisms and
physical characteristics that define a location.
Novel marine ecosystems continue to be discovered. In
the ocean, hydrothermal vents, extremely distinct
habitats with many endemic species, were discovered
less than 25 years ago!
Factors Affecting
Biodiversity
What factors lead to biodiversity
loss?
species,
Such
significant impacts
onbiodiversityandecosystemsin certain regions.
Asclimatewill become more severe, the harmful
Threats to Biodiver
sity
Habitat Loss
Happens when either natural disasters or
Human activities:
Deforestation
Draining wetlands
Damming rivers
Deforestation
Draining Wetlands
wetlands
Migrating birds use them to feed and rest
Plants that grow there filter sediment and pollution
from water.
Often drained for farming or building homes.
90% of wetlands around lake Ontario have been
destroyed.
Overexploitation
The use or extraction of a resource until it
is depleted.
Examples:
Passenger pigeon once 5 billion, last one died
in 1900s.
Yellow-fish tuna and Atlantic cod: over-fished
and reduced by 90%
Extinction
Restoration Ec
ology
Conservation
What is conservation??
Conserving biological diversity involves
restoring
Protection
Conserving
Enhancing the variety of life
Today our biosphere is in danger of extinction. It is
reported that during thenext20 to 30 years, the
world would lose more than a million species of plants
and animals-primarily because of environmental
changes brought about by human beings.
Therefore, Biodiversity
Conservation is
SUSTAINABLE USE
Biodiversity
Conservation
In situ
Lakes
Terrestrial
Biosphere
Reserves
Ex situ
National
parks,
wildlife
sanctuaries
Home garden
Seed Bank,
Nurseries
Marine
Botanical garden,
Zoological
garden, Aquaria
Ex-situ
Outside natural
habitats
In-situ Conservation
conservation.
In-situ conservation
National parks (88), and sanctuaries (490)
Expansion of the protected area network
Mapping of forest types, protected areas, and
natural forests
Creation of new conservation
reserves
Community reserves
Joint Forest management
Voluntary, field based organizations and NGOs
(non-governmental
organizations)
Ex-situ Conservation
Preservation, maintenance and
breeding of components of
biological diversity outside their
natural habitats
Complementary to in-situ
methods.
Fully under human care
Sometimes controversial
laboratory methods.
Practiced as the last resort.
Zoos, Aquaria, Hatcheries,
CONSERVATION
MEASURES:
1
Prevention
and
control
of
to
be
controlling
controlled.
the
protection
can
forest
be
given
By
fire,
to
wildlife.
2. Excessive cutting should be
eliminated and only mature trees
should
seedlings
be
harvested.
should
harvested trees.
replace
New
the
Project tiger
CONCLUSION
Biodiversity is our life. If the Biodiversity got lost at this rate
then in near future, the survival of human being will be
threatened. So, it is our moral duty to conserve Biodiversity as
well our Environment. Long-term maintenance of species and
their management requires co-operative efforts across entire
landscapes. Biodiversity should be dealt with at scale of habitats
or ecosystems rather than at species level.