Science of

Hadith
Introduction

Introduction
Muslims are agreed that the sunnah of
the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be
upon him) is the second of the two
revealed fundamental sources of Islam.
During
the
lifetime
of
Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) and
after his death , his companions used
to refer to him directly, when quoting
his sayings.

Introduction
The next generation to Tabieen
(successors) used to follow their
steps and quote the Prophet (peace
be upon him ) directly, while others
would still mention the link. ( he is
usually a Sahabi or senior Tabiee)
After the fitnah (civil war) happened ,
some sects appeared within the
Muslim nation.

Introduction
Various groups supported their views
by fabricating some ahadeeth.
The need for verification of each
Hadith arose.
Imam Malik (d.179) said : The first
one to utilize the Isnad/sanad was
Ibn Shihab Alzuhri (d.124)

Introduction
A hadith is composed of two parts: the
matn (text) and the isnad / sanad
( chain of reporters)
A text may seem to be logical and
reasonable but needs an authentic isnad
with reliable reporters to be acceptable.

Introduction
Imam Abdullah
ibn
Al-Mubarak
(d.181).H said: The isnad is part of the
religion, had it not been for the isnad,
whoever wished to, would have said
what ever he likes.

Introduction
Ibn Sireen (d.110) said: They would
not ask about the isnad, but when the
fitnah happened they said: Name to
us your men. So the narrations of
Ahla-alsunnah would be accepted,
while those of Ahl-albidah would not
be accepted.

A brief history of
Mustalah alHadith

A brief history of Mustalah

al-Hadith
As time passed, more reporters were
involved in each isnad / sanad.
The situation demanded strict discipline
in the acceptance of Ahadith.
The set of rules governing this area of
knowledge
is called Mustalah alHadith.

A brief history of Mustalah

al-Hadith
Among the early writing about these
rules, the work of Al-Imam Ashafie
(d.204) in his book called Al-Risalah,
Imam Muslim (d.261) in his introduction
to his sahih and the notes found in Jami
Atthirmithi (d.279)

A brief history of Mustalah

al-Hadith
The first work that was comprehensive
and purely dedicated to the rules of
Mustalah Al-Hadith is what was written
by Al-Ramahurmuzi (d.360)
[] .

A brief history of Mustalah

al-Hadith
The next major contribution was Marifat
Ulum Al-hadeeth by Al-Hakim (d.405) H.
He covered fifty classifications of Hadith,
but still he left some points untouched.
Abu Nuaim Al-asbahani (d.430)
completed some of the missing work.

A brief history of Mustalah

al-Hadith
Then
came
Al-Khateeb
AlBaghdadi (d.463) with his work AlKifayah fi ilm Al-Riwayah.
()
and his 2nd work (Al-Jami Li-Akhlaaq
Al-raawy wa Adab Al-sami)
( )

A brief history of Mustalah

al-Hadith
Then came Al-Qadi Iyad (d.544)
with his work
()
Al-lma Fi thabth Al-riwayah wa
Kawaneen Al-sama

A brief history of Mustalah

al-Hadith
Then came Ibn salaah (d.643) with
his famous work
the science of Hadith commonly
known as Muqadimah Ibn al-salah, it
contained series of lessons taught by
Ibn Alsalah in Al-Ashrafiyah School in
Damascus.

A brief history of Mustalah

al-Hadith
Imam Al-nawawi (d.774) summarized
Al-muqqadimah in a book called AlIrshad, and then he summarized AlIrshad in his book Al-taqrib ()
Imam As-suyouti wrote a commentary
on Al-taqrib and called it Tadrib al-Rawy

Classification of Hadith
According to the reference to a particular authority

Hadith

Marfu
(Elevated)

Mawquf
(Stopped)

Maqtu
(Severed)