The New Shape of Broadband Wireless Networks

Ceragon Networks (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Technical Overview

Fiber Air at a
Glance

Versatile Product Line

16E1STM-12xSTM-1STM-4
6 38GHz
16 32 128 QAM on single ODU

Unique Features
SDH / SONET / ATM / IP All in one Radio
Integrated ADM
Best ATM performance on the market

Fiber Air Family

Fiber Air Product

Antenna

Out-Door Unit
(ODU)

Management
Station
In-Door Unit
(IDU)

IDU In Door Unit

Compact, 17 wide, 1U-high unit

16-QAM Modulator FibeAir1500

32-QAM Modulator FibeAir450
128-QAM Modulator FibeAir1528

Full-function SDH/SONET Regenerator / Multiplexer.

Most Popular Interfaces Are Supported

Manages local and remote units

Front Panel Alarms and Indicators

IDU Block Diagram

Power Supply

-48 VDC

NMS

155/100 Mbps

Main Channel

2 Mbps

Wayside Channel

64 Kbps

User Channel

Modulator
MUX
Demodulator

- Ethernet
- SLIP/PPP

External Alarms

IDU Controller

IF Card
Cable
Combiner

Coax Cable

Main Channel Interfaces

STM-1 (Electrical, optical SM/MM)

3 x E3/DS3

2 x Fast Ethernet
1 x 100Mbps + 1 x 50Mbps
2 x dynamic bandwidth

Fast Ethernet + 8xE1/T1

2 x E3/DS3 + 8xE1/T1

8xE1/T1 + 8xE1/T1

ODU Out Door Unit

Spectrum Efficient:
FibeAir1500 - 50/56 MHz bandwidth
FibeAir1528 28 MHz bandwidth

Full band frequency tuning range (using the NMS)

Very high sensitivity

Easy to install and maintain

Same ODU supports 16QAM and 128QAM IDUs!

ODU Block
Diagram
Power Supply

AGC Voltage
Reading

350MHz

TX Converter

~3-4GHz

Transceiver

AGC
Coax Cable

X-Band
Synthesizer

Cable
Combiner
140MHz

ODU Controller

RX Converter

~3-4GHz

~11GHz

MMW Converter
+
Amp

FibeAir1528
Specifications

SDH Network Segments

Multiplexer
Section

Tributaries

Regenerato
r Section

SDH
Terminal
Multiplexer

Regenerato
r Section

SDH
Add & Drop
Multiplexer

Regenerato
r Section

SDH
Terminal
Multiplexer
SDH
Regenerator

VC
Assembly

Tributaries

Multiplexer
Section

SDH
Regenerator
VC
Disassembly

Path

The Truck Analogy

The SDH Frame

RSOH

MSOH

SOH

Payload
Virtual Container

Multiplexing Structure
STM-n
STM-n

xN

x1

AUG
AUG

AU-4
AU-4*

VC-4
VC-4
x3

TUG-3
TUG-3

C-4
C-4
x1

TU-3
TU-3*

VC-3
VC-3

x3

AU-3
AU-3*

AUG
AU
TUG
TU
VC
C

Pointer Processing
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
Administrative Unit Group
Administrative Unit
Tributary Unit Group
Tributary Unit
Virtual Container
Container

VC-3
VC-3
x7

x7

C-3
C-3
6.312 Mbps

x1

TUG-2
TUG-2

TU-2
TU-2*
x3

x4

VC-2
VC-2

C-2
C-2
2.048 Mbps

TU-12
TU-12*

VC-12
VC-12

C-12
C-12
1.544 Mbps

TU-11
TU-11*

VC-11
VC-11

C-11
C-11

Section Over Head

Path
OH
Regenerator
SOH

A1

A1

A2

A2

A2

J0

J1

B1

E1

F1

B3

D1

D2

D3

C2

AU-4

H1

Pointers

B2

Multiplexer SOH

A1

H2

H3

G1

K1

K2

F2

D4

D5

D6

H4

D7

D8

D9

F3

D10

D11

D12

K3

E2

N1

S1

Z1

Z2

M1

Regenerator SOH bytes

RSOH

MSOH

X
-

A1, A2: Frame alignment pattern

J0: Identification
B1: Quality monitoring, parity bytes
E1: Orderwire Channel
F1: User Voice Channel
D1-D3: DCCr Data Channel (Management 192 Kbps)

Multiplexer SOH bytes

RSOH

MSOH

X
-

H1-H3: AU Pointers (Payload Pointers)

B2: Quality monitoring, parity bytes
E2: Voice channel
K1, K2: Automatic protection switching (APS) control
S1: Clock quality indicator
M1: Transmission error acknowledgement
D4-D12: DCCm Data Channel (Management 576 Kbps)

1+1
Protection
OC-3/STM-1

1+1 Hot Stand-By Protection

Less than 50 m sec switching time
Switching criteria LOF, BER, External
Master/Master, Master/Slave, Slave/Slave
Scalable architecture

1 + 1 Hot Standby

The system is doubled on both Local and Remote ends

One unit on each end is active (Master) while the

other is standby (Slave)

Master transmits and receives data

Slave only receives data

Inter-mate UART cable allows negotiating the mastery and

data exchange between units

One or Two antennas per site

On a failure in an active unit or a command from the

remote side, Master Switch will occur (redundant unit
will take over activity)

Switching time: less than 50 m Sec

Protected - What From?

1+1 configuration protects the main link from a

hardware or radio failure in one of the units on Local,
Remote, or both ends

Does not protects from coincident failures in both units

on the same end

Link self-recovery once failure cleared/corrected

No protection from fading

Link self-recovery once fading cleared

Protection Triggers

Loss Of Frame on the radio of the Master unit for 1 m Sec

Loss Of Frame on the line of the Master unit for 1 m Sec

Change Transmitter command from the remote end

ODU cable disconnection

Power down or manual reset in the Master

Manual switch (using the NMS)

Excessive errors

External Alarm

POSAM
POSAM Protected ODU Single Antenna Mount

Antenna is mounted to the pole

Two ODUs connected to the POSAM

POSAM is mounted directly to the antenna

Antenna has to have Ceragon antenna interface

Insertion loss:

Interface to
antenna

main path (of Coupler)

2dB

secondary path (of Coupler)

7.5dB

Built-in
6dB Coupler

PORAM
PORAM Protected ODU Remote Antenna Mount

Antenna is mounted to the pole

Two ODUs connected to the PORAM

PORAM is mounted to the pole

PORAM is connected to the antenna using flexible wave-guide

Antenna has to have standard antenna interface (wave-guide)

Insertion loss:

Built-in
6dB Coupler

main path (of Coupler)

3.5dB

secondary path (of Coupler)

9dB

Flex wave-guide
connector

Installation Issues

Protection cable and Line splitters are part of the

Protection Kit

Available splitters: CMI/BNC for electrical STM-1, DS3 or

E3; SM and MM, SC or ST connectors for optical STM-1,
MM/SC for optical Fast Ethernet, spliced RJ-45 cable for
T1/E1 balanced

Hub should be used for connecting the management ports

of the two IDUs

IMPORTANT!
Do not plug Ethernet cable to the Protection port of the IDU!
It will damage the Protection port and the protection might not
function

Fiber Air
1500A/1528A
West : Radio

External Clock

8xE1 per module, total 16xE1

Line

East : Fiber

Two STM-1 Aggregates: Radio and Line

Radio N Type; Line Optical short/long haul
Up to 16 E1s in single IDU
Up to 32 E1s in double configuration (2 Radio Aggregates)
Support of Path Protection method
Synchronization: External, Line, Tributary, Internal, Through.

Fiber Air 1500A/1528 SDH

Ring

16 * E1

STM-1

Possible Site Configurations

Regenerator

Line

FiberAir 1500A/1528A: 16xE1; Radio Line

Line

Reg+FiberAir 1500A/1528A: 8xE1; Radio Radio

Line

Double FibeAir 1500A/1528A: 32xE1; Line - Line

Double FiberAir 1500A/1528A: 32xE1; Radio Radio

Installation and Set-up Overview

Installation Requirements - IDU

Must be located indoors

Environmental conditions (-5 C to +45 C)

Easy accessibility, only by authorized personnel

Power supply (-48Vdc)

Ethernet or telephone management connection available

Not more than 300m from outdoor unit location

Installation Requirements - ODU

As far as possible from current/future obstacles

(trees, buildings)

Easy accessibility for maintenance

Good grounding, lightning rod

Typical Antenna Mounts

2+0

1+0

Installation Requirements - PSU

-48Vdc Power supply @ 3 Amp (-40.5 to 72 Vdc

Power Supply can be used)

Recommended!
Availability of Uninterrupted Power Source (UPS)

or Battery Backup

PSU Connection
AC Outlet
(~) (0)

(GND)

AC cord
GND to the rack
and to Earth

(-) (+)

(GND)

PSU

DC
connector

(~)

CAUTION !!!
Shorting the (-) to the (GND)
will damage the IDU's internal
PSU

GND to
the rack
and
to Earth

(com)

(+)

short

(GND)
(chassis)

DC Output
short

(0)

(-)

GND to the rack,

the PSU's
chassis
and to Earth

Installation Requirements Cables

Cable specifications:
- max attenuation of 30 dB at 500 MHz

Recommended:
- RG-8 (Belden 9913) up to 300m
- RG-223 up to 100m

Cable should be terminated with N type male

connectors. Verify inner-pin of connector does

not exceed edge of connector

Connectors should be closed by hand only

Installation Steps

Install antenna and ODU on site A

Install IDU on site A

Configure the IDU on site A (using Hyper-Terminal)

Repeat the above on site B

Align the antennas

Verify link operation & performance

Antenna Installation
Install antenna on pole according to attached instructions
Verify secure installation
Aim antenna to other end of the link
Use telescope or compass for rough alignment if
necessary

ODU Installation

Connect ODU to the antenna, using 4 latches

Connect IF coax cable to ODU
Tight connector by hand only (no tools!)
N type Connectors should be waterproofed and sealed
Connect ODU earth point to suitable rooftop earth
Verify correct polarization
Handle on top Vertical polarization
Handle on the side Horizontal polarization

Latches

Grounding
IF Cable

IDU Installation
Install IDU in rack/cabinet
19 and ETSI mounting brackets provided with IDU
Connect IF cable to the IDU
Tight connector by hand only (no tools!)
Connect IDU grounding point to clean station earth
Grounding cable provided with IDU
Connect 48Vdc to IDU

IF Cable

Grounding

DC power

Installation Pics

IDU
Grounding

DC power

Antenna mount

ODU
Grounding

IF Cable

Hyper-Terminal
Configuration

Hyper-Terminal Basic Setup

Baud Rate: 19,200
Password: Ceragon

Set the desired frequency channel

Set the transmitter power level

Assign IP addresses

Factory Default Settings

FiberAir terminal defaults factory configuration:

Tx/Rx frequency - first channel of sub-band

Transmit power +15dBm

Transmitter mute off (ODU transmits)

Ethernet management IP Address - 192.168.1.1

Serial management IP Address - 192.168.0.1

Second Site Installation

Go to the other site...

Install the second FiberAir terminal

Configure the IDU using the Hyper-Terminal

Antenna Alignment (1)

Connect the headset to AGC monitor BNC connector on ODU

Adjust antenna Azimuth & Elevation, one end at a time, until
you get the maximum tone level
Connect Digital Volt Meter (DVM) to the AGC BNC connector
Align the antenna until voltage reading is achieved (between
1.7vdc & 1.2vdc)
Repeat antenna alignment at each end until the minimum dc
voltage is achieved

1.30vdc = -30dBm
1.45vdc = -45dBm
1.60vdc = -60dBm
etc

Elevation adjustment

Azimuth adjustment

Antenna Alignment (2)

Compare achieved receive level to calculated receive level
Keep aligning until the achieved level is up to 4 dB away from
the calculated received signal level
If voltage reading is more than 4 dB away or higher than
1.7vdc, roughly realign antenna to remote site

Commissioning and
Acceptance
Link is up (LOF and BER LEDs are green)

All LEDs are green (unless no input signal on the Line)

RSL is up to +/- 4dB from un-faded (calculated) RSL at both
ends of the link
EOW buzzer and voice is working from both ends of the link
Radio BER 10E-11 or better
No Errors on BER test of line interfaces: SDH/SONET
ATM
Fast Ethernet
E3/DS3
E1/T1
Proper function of management software
All loop-backs function properly

Please refer to the FibeAir Commissioning and Acceptance Procedure document for detailed information

Installation Hazards

Make sure that the mast assembly is secured and

properly grounded

Try to install the link on a non-windy day

Be careful not to fall when working on heights

Use safety accessories, as harness and hard-hat

Watch out for overhead power lines

Do not use metal ladder

Trunk Radio

Ceragon Trunk Radio

Split mount

Compact

Cost effective

Support frequency and space diversity

Hitless, Errorless switching

External Diplexer ODU

Mounting Bracket

Diplexer

Wave-Guide Connector

Split Mount Advantages

ODU
300m

Coaxial Cable

IDU

Equipment wagon can be located far from the antenna

Simple coaxial cable between ODU and the IDU
Frequency replacement flexibility
Cable resistant to field conditions
Fast deployment of ODU, IDU (1U) and the cable between them
Minimal cable attenuation compared to flexible waveguide
Light weight and low power consumption

Ceragons 6/7/8 GHz Radio

Many standards (F0, Tx-Rx Spacing)

Separate synthesizers for Tx and Rx allow various

Tx-Rx spacing

Same ODU for all band (6, 7, 0r 8GHz)

Same ODU for Tx High and Tx Low orientation

of diplexer on ODU determines Tx High or Tx Low

Link can reach 100Km!

ODU Installation

Remote Mount ODU

ODU connected to a plate, plate is attached to the pole

using mounting bracket (Andrew Kit), diplexer
connected to the plate using 3 screws

Wave-guide connector PDR84 (PDR70 also available)

Available wave-guide:

Flexible wave-guide
Provided with each ODU (1.2m, 0.6dB loss)

Elliptical wave-guide (typical loss 30dB/100m)

Diversity basic concepts

Frequency Diversity
Uses the nature of frequency selectivity of the multipath dispersive
fading

Space Diversity
Two antennas vertically separated at the receiver tower so only one
of antennas is located in a power minimum

Angle Diversity
Based on slightly different angles of arrival of the indirect delayed
waves and the direct wave

Space & Frequency Diversity

A combination of the above frequency and space diversity techniques

MHSB and SD

FD and HD

Angle Diversity

FibeAir1528 Hitless Hot-Stand

Configuration
Consists of two FibeAir 1528 links connected together
through a protection cable and a Hitless switch

Protected cable

SC/mm/1300

Hitless cable

Hitless Switch

Hitless Switch

SC/mm/1300

Hitless Block Diagram

Ceragon Advantage:
No single point of failure!!!

Hitless System
Overview
Enhancement of the FibeAir 1528 Hot-Standby
Configuration

Hitless!!!

No errors during the switch

Errorless!!!

No errors to the user before the switch

Data of better quality is delivered automatically to the user

Receiver Modems parameters are used as criteria for

activating the switch.

Supports Space and Frequency diversity

Switching criteria
The modems of the two IDUs are connected using the
Hitless Cable

Primary
FEC-based decision to determine the path with no
errors

Secondary
Mean Square Error (MSE)
If both FECs detects errors, the path with less errors
will be selected
Using 20uSec buffer, no errors even before the switch

Space Diversity
XMTR A

RCV A
Space
Seperation

Data in
XMTR B

MUTE

Data out
RCV B

One transmitter is used, the other in MUTE mode

The receivers are connected to two antennas physically

spaced apart (100s of wavelengths)

The spacing determines the delay between the two

receivers

The physical separation should be 3-30m (based on the

requested improvement factor
Typically, 6-15m

Frequency Diversity
XMTR A

F1

RCV A

Data in

Data out
XMTR B

F2

RCV B

Two transmitters are used, both in normal operation

connected to one antenna (with splitter) or two antennas

The two receivers are connected to one antenna (with

splitter) or two antennas

The frequency determines the separation between the

two receivers

DFM is frequency-dependant therefore using two

frequencies (the farther they are - the better)

FD vs. SD

Both solutions protects against fading and H/W failures

FD is more expensive solution

two channels are required!

SD is more effective improvement is more significant!

STM-1 Hitless Physical

View

Local and Remote management access

Installed interfaces

Real-time LEDs display

Hitless Configuration
Protection configuration

Radio/Line Loss-Of-Frame

Excessive BER

External alarm

Single or Dual Line output

Hitless configuration

Hitless enable/disable

Space or Frequency diversity

Non-revertive or revertive mode with

Hold-off time

Management and IP Setup

Management - Sample IP
Network
Management
station
192.114.35.11
Workstation

Ethernet

Serial
Line

Laptop computer

Laptop
192.168.0.2

IP address
192.114.35.12

Default Router
192.114.35.1
Default Router

IP address
192.168.0.1

FibeAir1500
Internet
Cloud

IBM Compatible

Remote host
194.12.78.11

Management IP Configuration
(1)

For the installation phase, it is recommended to connect to

the IDU using the default settings:
For Ethernet connection

IDUs Ethernet IP address: 192.168.1.1, Mask: 255.255.255.0

(do not change the default settings)

Configure laptops Ethernet IP address to: 192.168.1.100,

Mask: 255.255.255.0

IDU and laptop are on the same sub-network

Connect the laptop to the IDU using cross-Ethernet cable

Launch CeraView and verify that you can connect to the IDU

Management IP Configuration
(2)
For Serial (SLIP/PPP) connection

IDUs Serial IP address: 192.168.0.1, Mask: 255.255.255.0

IDUs Serial configuration: PPP protocol, 38400 baud rate
(do not change the default settings)

Install SLIP drivers and configure Dial-up adapter on laptop to

IP address 192.168.0.100, Mask: 255.255.255.0
(according to instructions in the User-Manual)

IDU and laptop are on the same sub-network

Connect the laptop to the IDU using serial null-modem cable

Connect to the IDU using dial-up adapter

Launch CeraView and verify that you can connect to the IDU

In-Band Management
Transport element management information
seamlessly and simply throughout the network

The Solution
Management information is carried in the SONET/SDH
frame (over the Radio and over the Line)

Full management solution: can carry management

information of any IP-based external equipment

Topologies:
Rings
1+1 Hot-Standby
Cascaded links

and more

1. DCCr to Radio and Line

Most efficient

SONET/SDH and ATM networks

Management network transparent within the OC-3 / STM-1

Line

Important!

External equipment must not alter the DCCr bytes!

2. DCCr to Radio Only

Management is transmitted only to the Radio side

SONET/SDH, ATM and IP networks

Does not rely on ADM processing of DCCr bytes

Simple cross-over Ethernet cable used to connect

management at each site

Managing External Equipment

External
Equipment

External
Equipment

Allows management of external equipment (such as

ADMs, Switches, other radio equipment)

Management information to the rest of the network is

directed to the management Ethernet port and then to
the HUB

How Does It Work?

The IDU checks each received IP packet:

Destination IP address of packet = IP address of IDU

IDU will pass packet to its own IP port for further

Processing

Destination IP address of packet IP address of IDU

If packet arrived from within the ring Sent to the other

side of link
If the other side of the link is down, packet is returned to its
originator

If packet arrived from outside the ring or from the IDU itself
Packet is sent to the radio side
If radio side is down Forward to the line side

Basic IP Theory
IP Address : 192.168.1.139 (dec) =
1100 0000 . 1010 1000 .0000 0001 . 1000 1011 (bin)
Mask: 255.255.255.240 (dec) =
1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 1111 0000 (4 zeros mask)
IP addresses on the same sub-net:
1100 0000. 1010 1000 . 0000 0001 . 1000 0000 (192.168.1.128) to
1100 0000. 1010 1000 . 0000 0001 . 1000 1111 (192.168.1.143)
The last 4 bits cannot be all zeros or all ones
192.168.1.128 and 192.168.1.143 are not available!

IP - Example (1)
Ring IP Address: 192.168.1.0

Mask: 255.255.255.240

IP addresses on the sub-net: 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.15

IP addresses that can be used: 192.168.1.1 to 192.1.14
Ring IP Address: 192.168.1.8

Mask: 255.255.255.252

IP addresses on the sub-net: 192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.11

IP addresses that can be used: 192.168.1.9 to 192.1.10
Ring IP Address: 192.114.35.64

Mask: 255.255.255.128

IP addresses on the sub-net: 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191

IP addresses that can be used: 192.168.1.129 to 192.1.190

Link Commissioning &

Troubleshooting using CeraView

Java CeraView EMS

Ceragon Element Manager

SNMP Based

Java-based, works on Windows, Unix, HPoV, SNMPc

Can manage a terminal or a full link

Configuration

Maintenance

Operation

Performance Monitoring

Remote diagnostics

Statistic reports

Physical View

Local and Remote management access

Installed interfaces

Real-time LEDs display

Troubleshooting Tools

Alarm log

Receive Signal Level PM

Radio SDH PM

STM-1 Line SDH PM

Loop backs

Alarm Log

Time and date of alarms

Severity-based filters

Up to 100 log entries with automatic save

Log can be exported to Notepad, Word, Excel

Trouble-shooting Using Alarm

Log

Check current alarm (!!!)

Identify when alarms started

Identify separate events based on time

Check correlation with other links failed

Check correlation to RSL to explain alarms

Check correlation to Radio/Line SDH PM

RSL Monitoring

Min and Max Receive Signal Level in 15 minutes intervals for last 24 hours

Unfaded RSL configuration (expected RSL) and Thresholds

Allows to save as a table and export to a file

Trouble-shooting Using RSL

Check current RSL

Check changes in RSL during last 24hours (5dB

change during the day is normal)

Identify rain fading, multipath/ducting

Check if RSL reached sensitivity threshold

In case of ATPC, check Transmit Signal Level

Performance Monitoring - Radio

SDH

Counter of Un-Available Seconds on the radio in 15 minutes intervals for

last 24 hours

Allows to save as a table and export to a file

Advanced Radio SDH PM

Table of ES, SES, UAS, BBE on the radio in 15 minutes intervals for
last 24 hours

Performance Monitoring - Line

SDH

Counter of Un-Available Seconds on Line (STM-1) in 15 minutes intervals

for last 24 hours

Allows to save as a table and export to a file

Advanced Line SDH PM

Table of ES, SES, UAS, BBE on the Line (STM-1) in 15 minutes intervals for
last 24 hours

Allows to save as a table and export to a file

Trouble-shooting Using PM

Always check Radio and Line PMs

Check alarm log for correlation

Check correlation to RSL to explain errors

Loop-back Configuration

IF loop

Internal and External STM-1 Line loop

Loop clear timeout configuration and display

Trouble-shooting Using Loopbacks

If problem currently exists:

Use Line loop in case of LOS, LOF or Errors on STM-1

input of IDU or external ADM

Use IF loop in case of LOF or BER on Radio to identify

if IDU is OK

Use ODU loop in case of LOF or BER if IF loop passed

OK (available 7-8GHz ODUs only!)

ADM

Synchronization Sources
FibeAir 1500A/1528A is compliant with G.813
Synchronization Sources:
External
Aggregate East / Aggregate West
Tributary
Internal (accuracy 4.6 ppm [BER 10-6] SEC or Stratum-3)
Note:
For each Network Element can be configured two possible
clock sources: primary & secondary
When both sources are lost, an appropriate alarm will be
reported and the ACTIVE source will be no source - Hold
Over mode.

Reference Timing Modes (1)

Line Mode Left

Line Mode Right

Clock

STM-1

Clock

STM-1

Tributary Streams

STM-1

STM-1

Tributary Streams

Reference Timing Modes (2)

Tributary Mode

Internal Mode

Accuracy 4.6 ppm

Clock

STM-1

Clock

STM-1

Tributary Streams

STM-1

STM-1

Tributary Streams

Reference Timing Modes (3)

External Mode

Through Mode

External
Mhz Ref 2
Clock

STM-1

STM-1

Tributary Streams

STM-1

STM-1

Tributary Streams

Synchronization Strategy (1)

SSM MODE

Utilization of S1 (Timing Marker) byte

The SSM informs the neighboring NE about the status of the clock
supply

The S1 byte is used to select the best timing source for the NE and
to prevent timing islands

Assignment of timing source quality level to each NE

Timing Generator (TG) source selection Enables the user to

configure two possible clock sources for each NE

For each timing source the user assigns a quality level

If both clock sources fail, the NE switches to Hold-Over mode

Synchronization Strategy (2)

SSM Disabled

Definition of Primary and Secondary clock sources for each NE

If the Primary clock source fails, the NE will switch to Hold-Over

mode

In this case alarm will be generated Clock Unit Unlocked and the
user can select and switch manually to the Secondary or Internal
clock source

With no active clock source, the NE will remain in Hold-Over mode

for 48hours, and then will switch to Internal clock source

Once the Primary clock source is restored, the NE will switch

automatically to the active clock source

Timing source quality

levels
Quality Level
High

Low

Description
1

G.811 - atomic source

G.812 - Transit

G.812 -Local

Unknown (PDH Sync)

Internal G.813 clock

Don't use for Sync

First of all - Plan!

1. Sketch the general configuration

2. Design the radio links
3. Define Radio Side direction (East or West) for each NE
4. Define the Tributaries path (physical port, VC-12, mapped
trial, transparent trail, active path) for each NE
5. Define Main and Secondary paths for protection
6. Define the synchronization sources for each NE
7. Design the in-band management and IP addresses

General ADM
Configuration
Radio Direction

Trail Configuration

Trail Name

Protection

Mapped VC-12s

Main Path

Synchronization
Configuration
Clock Unit Installed

Clock Status
Secondary Clock

SSM Mode

Primary Clock